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PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN

PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN. Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009. Week 6. Tujuan Modul. Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis jaringan komputer : personal sampai dunia Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan : Wireless secara singkat Ethernet secara lebih fokus

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PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN

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  1. PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009 Week 6

  2. Tujuan Modul • Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis jaringan komputer : personal sampai dunia • Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan : • Wireless secara singkat • Ethernet secara lebih fokus • Peserta kuliah memahami secara singkat komponen perangkat jaringan komputer • Peserta kuliah mengenal istilah : ATM, MPLS, FR, X25, FDDI, ISDN, MEN

  3. Computer Network • Personal Area Network (PAN) • Local Area Network (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Wide Area Network (WAN) • Global Area Network (GAN)

  4. PAN

  5. PAN - Personal Area Network • Data transfer on short areas between the personal components belonging to a person • Most personal area networks are wireless.

  6. Wireless personal area network (Wireless PAN) • is a personal area network - a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person - in which the connections are wireless. • Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very short range. • Used wireless technology to connect an individual ‘s personal electronics, such as : • Cellphone, PDA, MP3 player, notebook PC andprinter

  7. Wireless PAN: • Bluetooth • Personal Area Network Standard -> primarily for interconnecting consumer devices. • Frequency: 2.4 GHz • Max Data Rate: 1 Mbps • IRDA • Provides infrared connections between communication devices such as mobile phones, desktop PCs and notebook computers; both voice and data are transferred in real time. • Frequency: Infrared • Max Data Rate: 115,400 bps • Ultra-wide Band (UWB) • Hot area but probably restricted to PAN

  8. LAN • Topologi • Access method • Ethernet • Network components • Layered network • Wireless LAN

  9. Local-area network (LAN) : • High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters : building, campus, organizational structure). • LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area. • LAN standards specify cabling and signaling at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. • High communication bandwidth (10, 100, 155 Mbit/s) • Simple topology (bus, ring, tree, star) • Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies.

  10. Topologi Jaringan STAR MESH BUS RING

  11. Metoda Akses CONTENTION TOKEN PASSING (IBM) IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.5 Medium Access Control (MAC) • Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol adalah : • metoda yang digunakan perangkat pada jaringan LAN agar mendapat akses dan mentransmisikan data ke media transmisi

  12. Token PassingIEEE 802.5 • Server membuat token (tongkat estafet !) • Setiap workstation menunggu transmisi token • Jika suatu wokstation menerima token – dan tak ada data untuk dikirim - kirim token ke komputer berikut • Jika token diterima – dan ada data untuk dikirim: • transmisikan data • tunggu tanda terima • setelah diterima, kirim token ke komputer berikut • Token dibuat dengan tanda khusus (misal 11111111)

  13. Ethernet • Baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. • Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD and run over a variety of cable types at 10 Mbps. • Ethernet is similar to the IEEE 802.3 series of standards. Data Link (MAC layer) 802.3 Ethernet Physical 10Base2 10Base5 100baseTX 100baseFX 100baseT4 10BaseT 10BaseF DIX Standard 802.3 Specifications for 10mb Ethernet 802.3u Specifications for 100mb (Fast) Ethernet

  14. Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements 100BaseTX 10Base5 10BaseT 100BaseFX 62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber EIA/TIA Cat 3, 4, 5 UTP 2 pair EIA/TIA Cat 5 UTP 2 pair 50-ohm coax (thick) Media Maximum Segment Length 500 meters 100 meters 100 meters 400 meters Bus Star Star Topology Point-to-Point Duplex media- interface connector (MIC) ST ISO 8877 (RJ-45) ISO 8877 (RJ-45) AUI Connector

  15. Some of the popular IEEE Ethernet Standard

  16. Ethernet from the OSI 7 Layer view point Generates or interprets data. FTP File Transfer Protocol, email, browser, HTTP Layer 7 Application Determines how computers represent data. ASCII, MPEG. Layer 6 Presentation APPLICATION LAYERS Establishes a session and security. SSL, SQL, NetBIOS. Layer 5 Session Provides end-to-end transmission correctness, data recovery and flow control. TCP Transmission Control Protocol, UDP. Layer 4 Transport Creates/receives datagrams, assigns addresses for ROUTING packets to their destination. IP Internet Protocol, Novell IPX, RFC 2547 over MPLS Layer 3 Network Ethernet Header IP Packet Ethernet Trailer Formats frames  SWITCHING. Adds cyclic redundancy check. Ethernet frames, Frame Relay frames, ATM cells, MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Frames, VPLS, VPWS Layer 2 Link NETWORK LAYERS Ethernet Frame Encodes and transmits data bits over electrical, optical or radio pulses. Mux, repeater, TDM channels, SONET payload envelope, 10BASE-T Layer 1 Physical Bits

  17. Ethernet IEEE 802.3 • Menggunakan Protokol CSMA/CD • Menggunakan medium • Kabel tembaga (dibungkus dan tidak), • Coax, • Fiber • Kapasitas 30 to 100 perangkat (‘nodes’) • Kecepatannya • 10 Mbps (Ethernet) • 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) • 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)

  18. Contention - CSMA/CDIEEE 802.3 Setiap node/terminal (komputer) memiliki akses yang sama ke media transmisi Setiap node/terminal mengamati media transmisi untuk melihat apakah sedang ada data (message) yang ditransmisikan Jika tidak ada, komputer dapat memulai transmisi data Pekerjaan ‘mendengar’ media transmisi disebut sebagai Carrier Sensing Kemampuan beberapa perangkat bersama-sama mengakses media transmisi disebut Multiple Access Jika ada dua atau lebih perangkat bersama-sama memulai transmisi, terjadi Collision Detection Jika Collision Detection terjadi, setiap perangkat memutuskan hubungan Setiap perangkat menunggu secara acak sebelum berusaha untuk mengirim kembali Protokol ini disebut sebagai Carrier-Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Metoda akses paling umum untuk topologi bus 18

  19. Network Structure Defined by Hierarchy MPLS

  20. Positioning Ethernet in the Campus Ethernet 10BaseT Position Fast Ethernet Position Access Layer Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch. Access Layer Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server. Distribution Layer Distribution Layer Not typically used at this layer. Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer. Core Layer Provides inter-switch connectivity. Not typically used at this layer. Core Layer

  21. Komponen Hardware LAN Media Transmisi – Kabel tembaga (Copper wire), kabel koaksial (coax cable), fiber-optic Servers – komputer penyedia layanan (file, database, printer, terminal, modem dan atau fax) Workstation – Personal computer TS atu CS Storage & Back-up – magnetic tape drives,floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, optical disks Network Interface Card (NIC) – ‘adaptor’ menghubungkan workstation dengan media transmisi 21

  22. Components of a network • Hubs : common connection point for devices in network – a place of convergence where data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded in one or more other directions • Switches : device that connects computers to a network • Bridges : interface used to connect the same type of networks • Gateways : interface permitting communication between dissimilar networks • Routers : special computer that directs message when several networks are connected together • Backbones : consists of many main highway – mincluding gateway, routers, and other communiacion equipment – that connect all computer networks in an organization

  23. Hubbed network 23

  24. Hub • Hub merupakan sentral dari suatu LAN atau enterprise network • Beberapa jenis hub antara lain : • Repeater hub • Memiliki beberapa connection port utk dihubungkan ke workstation • Apabila ada station yg mengirim data, repeater meng-copy data tsb ke semua port • Wiring concentrator • Merupakan token-ring network concentrator • Sering disebut multistation access unit (MAU) • Pada prinsipnya merupakan ring dalam kotak • Switching hub • Disebut juga frame switch atau LAN switch • Memiliki multiport devices yang masing-masing beroperasi seperti LAN terpisah dengan broadcast domain sendiri • Workgroup hub • Memiliki port-port yang dihubungkan ke hub yang lain • Bisa merupakan repeater hub, concentrator atau switching hub • Enterprise hub • Merupakan sentral dimana semua workgroup hub di perusahan/organisasi terhubung 24

  25. Router • Router merupakan packet switches yang menghubungkan dua network • IP adrress paket yang diterima dichek dalam routing table • Jika ada dalam tabel  paket diteruskan ke network yang bersangkutan • Jika tidak ada dalam tabel  paket diteruskan ke router pada network yang hirarkinya lebih tinggi • Hal yang sama dilakukan oleh router pada hirarki network yang lebih tinggi • Pencarian IP address terakhir dilakukan oleh router pada NSP backbone 25

  26. Mengapa LAN? Jika ada LAN maka … Resource Sharing Sumber Daya Bersama Large Data Transfers Kirim data (besar) Network Backup Cadangan E-mail Network Management Manajemen Jaringan Network Security Keamanan Jaringan Distributed Databases Basis Data Terdistribusi Groupware Software Grup 26

  27. Wireless LAN: • 802.11 DS, 802.11 FH • Initial standard – used for connection of fixed or portable stations in a LAN. • Frequency: 2.4 GHz • Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps • 802.11 IR • Initial standard -- used for connection of fixed or portable stations in a LAN. • Frequency: Infrared • Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps

  28. Wireless LAN: (continued) • 802.11 a • Supplemental standard – increment and range for LAN connections. • Frequency : 5.8 GHz • Max Data Rate: 54 Mbps • 802.11 b HR DS- 802.11 • Supplemental standard – increment and range for LAN connections. • Frequency : 2.4 GHz • Max Data Rate: 11 Mbps

  29. Wireless LAN: (continued) • HiperLAN I • European Standard - designed for high-speed radio frequency connections between portable devices. • Frequency : 5.2 GHz • Max Data Rate: 23.5 Mbps • OpenAir • Designed to provide radio frequency connection for mobile wireless LAN applications -- includes long range capabilities. • Frequency : 2.4 GHz • Max Data Rate: 1.6 Mbps

  30. Wireless LAN: (continued) • Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) • European Standard - designed for high-speed radio frequency connections between portable devices. • Frequency : 5.2 GHz • Max Data Rate : 23.5 Mbps • Proprietary • Device- or application-specific wireless LAN protocols. • Frequency : 2.4 GHz • Max Data Rate : 1.6 Mbps

  31. A simple diagram of a wireless LAN:

  32. A wireless local area network (Wireless LAN) • is a computer network that allows a user to connect without the need for a network cable. • A laptop or PDA equipped with a wireless LAN card lets a user move around a building with their computer and stay connected to their network without needing to “plug in” with a cable.

  33. MAN

  34. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • A network spanning a geographical area greater than a LAN but less than a WAN (Wide Area Network) • usually in the size of Metropolitan City. • Fast highspeed network in a regional area, • connecting different local areanetworks (1 to 100 km) • Plays the role of a backbone network • Simple topology (often: optical fiber ring)

  35. MAN • Standard • IEEE 802.6 ( Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, USA) • Protocol : • X.25, • Frame Relay, • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), • Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, • Ethernet

  36. Local Exchange Carrier as MAN

  37. Frame Relay as MAN MAN • Connections made by virtual circuits • Connection-oriented service

  38. Metro Ethernet Carrier as MAN E-Line E-LAN EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection MEN Metropolitan Ethernet Network

  39. WAN

  40. WAN - Wide Area Networks • Connection of LANs and MANsover regional and above regional distances • intercity, intercountry and intercontinental • Heterogeneous mesh networks with packet oriented communication and routing buffering of packets in intermediary nodes higher latency times (compared to a LAN) • Network Protocol : • X.25, • Frame Relay, • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), • Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, STM N • Ethernet

  41. Type of Wide Area Network (WAN)

  42. Long Distance Carrier as WAN

  43. Frame Relay as WAN WAN • Connections made by virtual circuits • Connection-oriented service

  44. Label Switching (MPLS) Carrier as WAN Label Switching Routers (LSRs) (ATM Switch or Router) Label Edge Routers

  45. A wireless wide area network (Wireless WAN) • covers a much more extensive area than wireless LANs. • Coverage is generally offered on a nationwide level with wireless network infrastructure provided by a wireless service carrier.

  46. Wireless WAN: • 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G • Generations / versions. • 2G TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), • 2.5G CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), • 2.5G GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

  47. Wireless WAN: (continued) • GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) • Data overlay system for enhancing existing GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and/or other TDMA-based networks • Considered 2.5 generation. • Frequency: varies • Max Data Rate: 14.4 Kbps • 3G/UMTS • 3.5G/HSDPA • 4G/WIMAX

  48. GAN

  49. GAN - Global Area Network NETWORK OF NETWORK Global communication network without restriction No local restrictions (world wide to interplanetary) Connects WANs, MANs and LANs Wired/Wireless WAN/LAN/MAN/PAN integration = GAN Largely varying quality GAN  INTERNET

  50. Internet Access INTERNET Internet Service Provider ISP Online Service Provider (Mis. Perpustakaan) SLIP/ PPP Or TCP/IP ISP TCP/IP TCP/IP Router LAN “terminal Emulation” modem Us

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