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Biogeochemistry & Climate

This document discusses the critical interactions between the climate system and biogeochemical processes, particularly focusing on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). It covers pre-industrial CO2 levels, various anthropogenic sources such as fossil fuels and deforestation, and natural sinks including oceans and plant growth. The text highlights evidence for anthropogenic influences, time variability in sources and sinks, and the impacts of aerosols on climate. Understanding these interactions is essential to address climate change and its ecological implications.

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Biogeochemistry & Climate

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  1. Biogeochemistry & Climate Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 7 - Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry

  2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pre-industrial: ~ 280 ppm Sources: Fossil fuels Cement production Deforestation Biomass burning 75% Sinks: Rock weathering Plant sediments Ocean uptake Plant growth

  3. Evidence for Anthropogenic? • Carbon Isotopes • O2 depletion • Gradient between NH & SH hemispheres

  4. The Global Carbon Cycle (Black: pre-industrial “natural”Red: 1990s anthropogenic)

  5. CO2 Sources and Sinks

  6. Ocean Carbon Pumps

  7. Ocean Sources & Sinks of CO2

  8. Time Variability of CO2 Sources & Sinks

  9. Removal Rates for Added CO2 Within 30 yr: ~ 50%  Within few C: ~ 80% 

  10. CO2 Emissions vs. Removal Effect of Mt. Pinatubo? Cooler temps? More diffuse solar radiation? All into atmosphere Actual amount

  11. Methane (CH4) Sources and Sinks

  12. The Reactive Gases

  13. Methane (CH4) • Sources: • Biogenic: • Wetlands • Rice • Biomass burning • Ruminants • Fossil fuel mining and distribution • Living vegetation? 70+% NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD) Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiments (AGAGE) Mt. Pinatubo? Warm 1998? Economic Incentives? Average Lifetime: ~ 8 yr.

  14. Aerosol Effects Scientific understanding is low (or less)

  15.  Net Radiation (at TOA): Present - Pre-industrial - 4 0

  16.  Precipitation: Present - Pre-industrial

  17. Remove Aerosols? Constant GHG Aerosol = 0 Constant GHG Constant Aerosol

  18. END Biogeochemistry & Climate

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