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Understanding Jesus: Visionary, Teacher, or Revolutionary? Analyzing His Impact on Christianity

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nikkos
22 diapositives · 338 Views · Jul 27, 2014

This text explores different perspectives on Jesus, questioning whether he was a visionary teacher, magician, prophet, or a revolutionary figure. It delves into the nature of the Gospels as historical sources, debating their reliability. The discussion highlights various challenges in affirming Jesus' historicity and examines the connections between Jesus and the monomyth, offering insights into humanity's understanding of religion and mythology. The text also contextualizes the rise of Christianity within the socio-political framework of Judea under Roman rule and its implications for Western civilization.

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  1. Bellwork Friday, Oct. 26th, 2012 • Was Jesus a visionary and a teacher, a magician and a prophet, or a rebel and a revolutionary? Explain your answer. • Do you consider the Gospels a primary or secondary source? Why? • What are the difficulties with asserting the historicity of Jesus? • What do the connections between Jesus and the monomyth tell us about humanity and religion/mythology?

  2. The Rise of Christianity Western Civilization University High School

  3. Judea • in modern-day Israel • ruled by King Herod from 37 – 4 BCE • unpopular for embracing Greek culture • Herod was a nasty guy…

  4. Problems In Judea • Jews revolt after Herod’s death  civil war! • famine, plague, war  end of the world? • Some predicted the coming of a Messiah (savior of Israel)

  5. Rome Steps In & Takes Control • Judea put under control of officials who answered directly to the emperor • some officials harsh, unaccepting of Jewish culture (esp. tax collectors!) • 2 Jewish responses…

  6. Response #1: Zealotry • Zealots: extremists who wanted Rome out of Judea • refused to pay Roman taxes • many violent conflicts with Roman army

  7. Response #2: Apocalypticism • belief that the Messiah is coming soon • literal belief; most desperate times? • Dead Sea Scrolls  972 texts from Hebrew Bible, Jewish cultures preparing for arrival

  8. Jesus of Nazareth • born roughly 7-2 BCE • raised in Galilee • difficult to separate truth from fiction

  9. Jesus of Nazareth • primary source (?) of Jesus info: the four Gospels (“good news”) of the New Testament • written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, & John • records of Jesus’ teachings, doctrines • earliest ones written 75 years after Jesus’ death • 2006: Gospel of Judas Iscariot discovered

  10. Jesus’ Teachings • heaven  eternal happiness after death • mostly traditional Judaism; claimed to be Messiah • not establishing an earthly kingdom, but a spiritual one

  11. The Death of Jesus • Jesus was controversial! • Some loved him. Some hated him. Some wished he would be more forceful vs. Rome… • Pontius Pilate: Roman prefect • concerned about violence, chaos • condemned Jesus to death • hung from a cross to die • 3 days later: Resurrection? (Body stolen?) • central tenet of Christianity (immortality)

  12. Spreading Jesus’ Ideas • Paul of Tarsus: most important figure in turning Christianity from sect/cult to independent religion • urged universal Christianity • urged Jews to include Gentiles (non-Jews) in the faith

  13. Spreading Jesus’ Ideas • Christianity reaches Rome • center of Western civilized world (literally & metaphorically) • appealed to commoners/poor • forgiveness, afterlife, salvation… • being a good Christian = spreading God’s word

  14. Augustus’ Successors Western Civilization University High School 2011-12

  15. A Time of Transition • Augustus dies in 14 CE • Julio-ClaudiansandFlavians • the next wave of Roman emperors (27 BCE – 96 CE) • some were capable (Tiberius, Claudius) • some less so… (Caligula, Nero)

  16. Julio-Claudians • Praetorian Guard: • segment of Roman military established by Augustus • imperial bodyguard • 41 CE: kills Caligula, declared Claudius emperor • Senate agrees (under threat of force) • 54 CE: Claudius killed by 4th wife • allow her son (from previous marriage), Nero, to take power

  17. Emperor Nero • 64 CE: Great Fire of Rome • many believed he started it to clear room for palace complex • “Nero fiddled while Rome burned” • 68 CE: facing rebellion & assassination, Nero commits suicide

  18. Flavians • clan that took control after Julio-Claudians • Vespasian • emperor from 69 – 79 CE • re-conquered Judea to stop civil unrest • Titus & Domitian • Vespasian’s sons; subsequent emperors • Domitian hated by many (Senate), assassinated

  19. Age of “Five Good Emperors” • 96 – 180 CE • wise, fair, just emperors • wars were at the frontiers only, generally won • Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, & Marcus Aurelius

  20. Hadrian • emperor from 117 – 138 CE • took over for Trajan • noted for building Hadrian’s Wall

  21. Hadrian’s Wall • built across Great Britain (begun in 122 CE) • marked northern border of Roman empire • Purposes of the Wall? • defense • expression of Roman power • control over immigration, customs, trade?