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Review on Carbotanium

Review on Carbotanium. Aditya Chandurkar. Outline . Objective Titanium processing Carbon fibre Titanium Carbon fibre bonding Applications Future Work. Objective . Smart material How it can be made Where can it be applied. Titanium.

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Review on Carbotanium

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  1. Review on Carbotanium AdityaChandurkar

  2. Outline • Objective • Titanium processing • Carbon fibre • Titanium Carbon fibre bonding • Applications • Future Work

  3. Objective • Smart material • How it can be made • Where can it be applied

  4. Titanium • Titanium is named after the Titans, the powerful sons of the earth in Greek mythology. • Titanium is the forth abundant metal on earth crust (~ 0.86%) after aluminum, iron and magnesium. • Have similar strength as steel but with a weight nearly half of steel. • Not found in its free, pure metal form in nature but as oxides, i.e., ilmenite (FeTiO3) and rutile (TiO2)

  5. Production of Titanium alloys • Extraction process – Kroll process • Melting Process • ESR • VAR • EBM • PAM • Induction Skull Melting • Casting process – Investment Casting, laser fabrication • Forming Process – rolling, extrusion, forging • Heat treatment

  6. Physical Properties of TI Crystal Structure HCP (below 882.5 C) BCC (above 882.5 C) Atomic diameter 0.320 Density 4.54 g. cm-3 Melting Point 1667 • Experiences allotropic transformation (α->β) at 882.5 C • Highly react with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen • Difficult to extract -> expensive • High strength and toughness • Used mainly in wrought forms for advanced applications where cost is not critical

  7. Classification of TI alloys • Commercially pure (CP) titanium alpha and near alpha titanium alloys • Alpha-beta titanium alloys • Beta titanium alloys Different crystal structures and properties allow manipulation of heat treatments to produce different types of alloy microstructures to suit the required mechanical properties.

  8. Beta Ti alloys • Beta stabilizers are sufficiently added to retain a fully β structure (avoid martensite formation) when quenched from the β phase field Metastable β alloys : Mo Eq. <25 Stable β alloys : Mo Eq. 25-40

  9. Beta titanium alloys • β titanium alloys possess a BCC crystal structure, which is readily cold-worked (than HCP α structure) in the β phase field • Microstructure after quenching contains equiaxed β phase • After solution heat treating + quenching giving very high strength (up to 1300-1400 MPa) • Metastable β Ti alloys are hardenable while stable β Ti alloys are non-hardenable

  10. Composition and applications of β titanium alloys

  11. Beta alloys Advantages • High strength to density ratio • Low modulus • High strength/high toughness • High fatigue strength • Good deep hardenability • Low forging temperature • Strip producible • Cold formable • Easy to heat • Excellent corrosion resistance • Excellent combustion resistance • Disadvantages • High density • Low modulus • Poor low high temperature properties • Small processing window • High formulation cost • High springback • Microstructural instabilities • Interstitial pick up

  12. Carbon fibre • Collection of thin stand of material mostly composed of carbon atoms. • The carbon atoms are bonded together in microscopic crystals that are more or less aligned parallel to the long axis of the fiber. • The crystal alignment makes the fiber incredibly strong for its size.Several thousand carbon fibers are twisted together to form a yarn, which may be used by itself or woven into a fabric • The fabric is combined with epoxy is molded into shape to form various composite material

  13. Classification of Carbon Fiber • Carbon fibers are classified by the tensile modulus of the fiber. • Tensile modulus is a measure of how much pulling force a certain diameter fiber can exert without breaking •  Ultra-high-modulus (modulus >450Gpa) • High modulus  (modulus between 350-450Gpa) • Intermediate Modulus (modulus between 200-350Gpa) • Low Modulus and high tensile (modulus < 100Gpa, tensile strength > 3.0Gpa) • Super high tensile (tensile strength > 4.5Gpa)

  14. Raw Materials • 90% of the carbon fibers produced are made from polyacrylonitrile • remaining 10% are made from rayon or petroleum pitch • All of these materials are organic polymers, characterized by long strings of molecules bound together by carbon atoms

  15. The Manufacturing Process • Part Chemical and Part Mechanical • Spinning • Stabilizing • Carbonizing • Treating the surface • Sizing

  16. Carbon-Fiber • Advantages • Very low weight • High impact tolerance • Insensitive to temperature • Reduced maintenance costs • Long service life • Disadvantages • Oxidize readily between 600-700 C • Very Expensive • Complicated to produce • High electrical conductivity of graphite particles

  17. Ti-Carbon Fibre Bonding • Using Adhesive • Ion bean enhanced deposition

  18. Applications • Defense applications such as tank shields, Fighter plans. • Aerospace applications • Aircraft Applications • Automotive applications

  19. Future work • Captain America’s Shield • Wolverines Claw • Body Armour

  20. Questions

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