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453 Chapter 8

453 Chapter 8. Early Modern English: Cont’d 1500-1800: Words & Grammar. Standard Language. Widespread Respected Codified Dictionaries Grammar books. Dictionaries. 1604: Cawdrey List of ‘hard’ & borrowed words 1616 – 1750: Various Gradual progression toward ‘all words’

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453 Chapter 8

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  1. 453 Chapter 8 Early Modern English: Cont’d 1500-1800: Words & Grammar

  2. Standard Language • Widespread • Respected • Codified • Dictionaries • Grammar books

  3. Dictionaries • 1604: Cawdrey • List of ‘hard’ & borrowed words • 1616 – 1750: Various • Gradual progression toward ‘all words’ • 1755: Samuel Johnson • “Dictionary” • Recognized actual usage over Latin

  4. Grammars • Prescriptive • Based on Latin • Goal: to correct, improve & immortalize • Grammatical correctness ≈moral behavior • Descriptive • Linguists (only)

  5. Early Modern Nouns • Regularization • -s (plural) • Irregular Plurals • Brethren, children, oxen (by analogy) • Eyen, shoon, kine (now lost…) • Uninflected plurals (deer, sheep, folk, kind)

  6. Whaddya Think? • Some English nouns differ from the patterns discussed above. • What are some? • Explain the differences. (wkbk p. 175)

  7. Early Modern Genitives • -’s • 1600 (sister’s) & 1700s (sisters’) • His • Augustus his daughter • “the House of Lords their proceedings” • Group Genitive • “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” • Uninflected Genitive • “for conscience sake” (lost)

  8. Early Modern Adj & Adv • -er, -est • mo, more, most • Double comparisons (for emphasis) • -ly suffix (unused or optional)

  9. Early Modern Pronouns • Capitalized “I” • Phonological distinction • Me/Mine  __ Consonant • Thy/Thine  Elsewhere • 2nd Person • Thee/Thou  Informal/Intimate • 3rd Person • (h)it, its

  10. Modern English Verbs • Strong leftover classes (a sampling…) • drive, bite, shine, choose, begin, swing, find, break, bear, get • Confused & abused • sit, set • lie, lay

  11. Early Modern Miscellany • Contractions • -n’t • an’t  ain’t • ‘tis  it’s • -’ll (non-syllabic @ 1st) • ‘ld  ‘d • ‘ve [v] ≈ of • Any differences from Today’s English?

  12. Exercises • To do together: • 8.2.1 • 8.4.1 & 2 • 8.6.1 & 2 • To do alone: • 8.2.2 • 8.7.2 • 8.8.8

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