Mental Disorders

1. Mental Disorders

2. MOOD DISORDERS Bipolar (Manic Depressive) • Mania symptoms may include excessive happiness, excitement, irritability, restlessness, increased energy, less need for sleep, racing thoughts, high sex drive, and a tendency to make grand and unattainable plans • Depression symptoms may include sadness, anxiety, irritability, loss of energy, uncontrollable crying, change in appetite causing weight loss or gain, increased need for sleep, difficulty making decisions, and thoughts of death or suicide.

3. DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Multiple Personalities A severe form of dissociation A mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. DID is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct or split identities or personality states that continually have power over the person's behavior. With DID, there's also an inability to recall key personal information that is too far-reaching to be explained as mere forgetfulness. DID is usually triggered from a some form of severe trauma (coping mechanism).

4. EATING DISORDERS Anorexia Nervosa Psychological: • Having an intense fear of gaining weight • Restricting food or types of food • Seeing your body as overweight • Not wanting to talk about food Physical: • Weighing less than 85% of your expected body weight • Exercising too much • Thinning hair, dry skin, and brittle nails.

5. EATING DISORDERS Bulimia Nervosa: • Eating uncontrollably followed by purging** • Vomiting or abusing laxatives or diuretics • Using the bathroom frequently after meals • Excessive exercising • Preoccupation with body weight • Dental problems • Sore throat • Heartburn, indigestion, bloating • Irregular periods • Weakness, exhaustion, bloodshot eyes

6. ANXIETY DISORDERS Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • Feel worried and stressed about many everyday events and activities. • Often the things worried about are small or not important and disrupts most days. • Have physical symptoms, such as headaches or being tired all the time

7. MOOD DISORDERS Major Depressive Disorder (around 15 million Americans) • Feelings of sadness or unhappiness • Loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities • Insomnia or excessive sleeping • Changes in appetite — depression often causes decreased appetite and weight loss • Agitation or restlessness • Irritability or angry outbursts • Fatigue, tiredness and loss of energy • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt • Frequent thoughts of death, dying or suicide

8. ANXIETY DISORDERS Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD) • Endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors • Plagued by recurring and distressing thoughts, fears, or images (obsessions) • The anxiety (nervousness) produced by these thoughts leads to a need to perform certain rituals or routines (compulsions) • The compulsive rituals are performed in an attempt to prevent the obsessive thoughts or make them go away • Although the ritual may temporarily stop the anxiety, the person must perform the ritual again when the obsessive thoughts return • This OCD cycle can progress to the point of taking up hours of the person's day and significantly interfering with normal activities • People with OCD may be aware that their obsessions and compulsions are senseless or unrealistic, but they cannot stop them

9. ANXIETY DISORDERS Panic Disorders (Panic Attacks) • A feeling of intense fear, terror, or anxiety • Trouble breathing or very fast breathing • Chest pain or tightness • A heartbeat that races or isn't regular. • Nausea or an upset stomach • Dizziness, shaking, numbness, tingling or sweating • Repeated panic attacks when there is no reason for the fight-or-flight response • Changing your daily activities because you worry that you will have another attack

10. Personality Disorders Paranoid • Doubt the commitment, loyalty, or trustworthiness of others • Are reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal information due to a fear that the information will be used against them • Are unforgiving and hold grudges • Are hypersensitive and take criticism poorly • Perceive attacks on their character that are not apparent to others; they generally react with anger and are quick to retaliate • Have recurrent suspicions, without reason, that their spouses or lovers are being unfaithful • Are generally cold and distant in their relationships with others, and might become controlling and jealous • Cannot see their role in problems or conflicts and believe they are always right • Are hostile, stubborn, and argumentative

11. Personality Disorders Anti-Social • Have no regard for right and wrong • Often violate the law and the rights of others, landing in frequent trouble or conflict • Often lie, which leads to problems with fulfilling responsibilities to family, work or school • Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes known as sociopathic personality disorder

12. Personality Disorders Borderline PD • Intense emotions and mood swings. • Harmful, impulsive behaviors: substance abuse, binge eating, out-of-control spending, or reckless driving. • Relationship problems: no middle ground; either "good" or "bad" and this may shift from one view to the other suddenly, for minor reasons. • Low self-worth and feeling empty inside • A frantic fear of being left alone (abandoned). This fear may lead to frantic attempts to hold on to people. • Aggressive behavior. • Problems with anger, such as violent temper tantrums. • Hurting one’s self, such as cutting or burning.

13. ANXIETY DISORDERS (15 million Americans) Phobia =is a lasting and unreasonable fear caused by the presence and/or thought of a specific object or situation that usually poses little or no actual danger • Animal phobias: fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice. Animal phobias are the most common specific phobias. • Situational phobias: fear of specific situations, such as flying, riding in a car or on public transportation, driving, going over bridges or in tunnels, or of being in a closed-in place, like an elevator. • Natural environment phobias: Examples include the fear of storms, heights, or water. • Blood-injection-injury phobias: These involve a fear of being injured, of seeing blood or of invasive medical procedures, such as blood tests or injections • Other phobias: These include a fear of falling down, a fear of loud sounds, and a fear of costumed characters, such as clowns.

14. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) • 1 in 10 American suffer from PTSD (3.5 % of Americans) • Flashbacks - take the person out of reality • Emotional detachment - hard time being caring towards others, avoid activities, places, and people associated with the traumatic event • Jumpiness -noise would make them practically "jump out of their skin“ is known as a hyperactive startle reflex

15. Schizophrenia Paranoid schizophrenia. The most common type of schizophrenia. Have frightening thoughts and hear threatening voices, which causes them to act afraid or to argue with other people. May attack other people or objects in their surroundings out of fear. This type often develops later in life than other types of schizophrenia. Disorganized schizophrenia = rare but is the most serious type of schizophrenia. Have this type have unpredictable behaviors; act silly and giggle for no apparent reason. They often make up words and sentences that make no sense to other people. And they often do not show facial expressions.