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Amphibians

Amphibians. The first vertebrates to live on land. Necessary adaptations for life on land. Legs to support weight of animal & to allow for movement. Necessary adaptations for life on land. Lungs and/or cutaneous breathing rather than gills. Necessary adaptations for life on land.

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Amphibians

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  1. Amphibians The first vertebrates to live on land.

  2. Necessary adaptations for life on land • Legs to support weight of animal & to allow for movement

  3. Necessary adaptations for life on land • Lungs and/or cutaneous breathing rather than gills

  4. Necessary adaptations for life on land • Heart able to supply more oxygen.

  5. Frog Anatomy

  6. Important Terms Dorsal: Top Anterior: Front / head Posterior: Rear Ventral: Bottom

  7. Frog Anatomy External Structures

  8. Skin oxygen from the air is drawn into a frog's body by the blood vessels that lie close to the skin. • mucous glands keep skin moist which is necessary for cutaneous respiration • some have glands that produce poisons or foul-tasting substances

  9. Eyes • eyes bulge providing protection from predators • has 2 eyelids • one protects from dust • nictitating membrane is clear & protects under water

  10. Tympanic Membrane The eardrum of the frog

  11. Structures of the Mouth Tongue Vomarine Teeth 2 large teeth in roof of mouth that impale the prey (food is swallowed whole) attaches at front of mouth so it can flick out to capture prey

  12. Structures of the Mouth Gullet Glottis Opening to the trachea (windpipe) Opening to the esophagus

  13. Structures of the Mouth Eustachian Tubes Internal Nares Nostrals Lead to the Tympanic Membrane.

  14. Frog Anatomy Internal Structures

  15. Skeleton • Frog has a reduced skeleton (9 vertebrae & noribs) • Pelvicgirdle is adapted to absorb shock from jumping

  16. Brain A larger cerebrum enables frog to process more sensory information; large optic lobe for vision

  17. Digestive System • Esophagus: Tube that leads to the stomach • Stomach: First site of chemical digestion, breaks down food • Liver: Makes bile (aids in digestion) • Gall bladder: Stores bile • Pancreas: Makes insulin (aids in digestion)

  18. Digestive System • Small Intestine (duodenum and ileum): absorb nutrients from food • Mesentery: Holds coils of the small intestine together • Spleen: Part of circulatory system, stores blood • Large Intestine: Collects waste, absorbs water • Cloaca - "Sewer": eggs, sperm, urine and feces enter this area

  19. Urogenital System Combination of the Excretory and Reproductive systems – they are closely related Cloaca is the collection cavity for feces, urine, eggs, & sperm - one opening for all these to exit.

  20. Reproductive System Eggs are not watertight soreproduction must happen in water. Males produce sperm & females produce eggs, both in large numbers for externalfertilization

  21. Reproductive System

  22. Reproductive System

  23. Hind limb Eye Foot External Nares Forelimb Nictitating Membrane Hand Posterior Tympanic Membrane Hind limb Dorsal Eye Anterior External Frog Anatomy Ventral Foot Ventral Dorsal Nictitating Membrane Forelimb Posterior External Nares Tympanic Membrane Hand Anterior

  24. Structures of the Mouth Maxillary Teeth Eustachian Tubes Internal Nares Vomarine Teeth Maxillary Teeth Internal Nares Glottis Gullet Gullet Vomarine Teeth Tongue Eustachian Tubes Glottis Tongue

  25. Fat Bodies Fat Bodies Fat Bodies Fat Bodies Oviduct Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Testes Bladder Bladder Kidneys Cloaca Cloaca Ovary Cloaca Cloaca Bladder Testes Bladder Ovary Oviduct

  26. E-mail your dissection pictures to Tommie.Gibbins@birdvilleschools.net

  27. Please… • Get out your notes from yesterday • Get out something to write with • Put all belongings at the back of the classroom!

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