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Natural Diseaster Management by NirmalkumarGovindarajan
DISASTER Catastrophe, mishap, calamity in any area, arising from natural or man made causes, or by accident or negligence which result in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the effected area. As per Disaster Management Act, 2005 A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.” As per UNISDR (2009)
TYPE OF DISASTER 1. Natural 2. Man-made • Different type of Natural Disaster • Different type of Man-made Disaster • Earthquake • Floods and river erosion • Cyclone • Tsunamis • Droughts • Landslide • Forest fire • Volcanic Eruption • Chemical • Biological • Radiological and Nuclear • Security related disaster • Other man-made disaster
Source NDMA, Govt of India DISASTER IN INDIA
NATURAL DISASTER IN INDIA • More than 58.6% of landmass prone to earthquake of moderate to very high intensity
NATURAL DISASTER IN INDIA • Over 40 million hectares (12%) of land is prone to flood and river erosion.
NATURAL DISASTER IN INDIA • Out of 7,516 kms long coastline, close to 5700 kms is prone (8%) to cyclone and tsunami
NATURAL DISASTER IN INDIA • More than 3% of total land mass is prone land-slide which is mostly in hilly area
DISASTER RISK IN INDIA Disaster risk is increasing due to • Demographics • Socio-economic condition • Unplanned urbanization • Development in high risk zone • Environmental Degradation • Climate Change • Geological Hazard • Epidemics • Pandemics
DISASTER MANAGEMENT • Disaster Management means a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures. Necessity of Disaster Management • Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster • Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster • Capacity-building • Preparedness to deal with any disaster • Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation • Assessing the severity • Evacuation , rescue and relief • Rehabilitation and reconstruction Disaster Management Act, 2005
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE 1. Response 2. Recovery 3. Prevention and Mitigation 4. Preparedness
RESPONSE The response phase is an emergency to take typical measure. • Implementation of Plan based on Disaster • Search and Rescue • Fulfil the Basic Humanitarian Needs • Food • Shelter • Medical Assistance • Execution of Evacuation Plans • Survey and Assessment
RECOVERY The main goal of this phase is to bring the disaster effected area back to normal as quickly as possible. • Reconstruction • Rehabilitation recommended to consider the location or construction material of the property
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION • Prevention • It focuses on preventing the hazard, primarily from potential natural disasters or man-made disasters. Preventive measures are taken on both the domestic and international levels. • Preventing or reducing the impacts of disasters on our communities is a key focus for disaster management efforts. • Mitigation • Measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or threatening disaster situation.
PREVENTION & MITIGATION INCLUDES • Hazard mapping • Adoption and enforcement of land use and zoning practices • Implementing and enforcing building codes • Flood plain mapping • Reinforced tornado safe rooms • Burying of electrical cables to prevent ice build-up • Raising of homes in flood-prone areas • Disaster mitigation public awareness programs • Insurance programs
PREPAREDNESS Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures to respond quickly and effectively for all the governments, organization, communities and individuals when there will be disaster. Some Preparedness measures are : • Valid, up-to-date counter-disaster plans • Special provisions for emergency action • The provisions of warning and forecasting systems • Local emergency communications and facility • Public education and awareness • Evacuation plans • Training programs, including exercises and drills
VISION • Make India disaster resilient, achieve substantial disaster risk reduction, and significantly decrease the losses of life, livelihoods, and assets – economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental – by maximizing the ability to cope with disasters at all levels of administration as well as among communities. As per National Disaster Management Plan, 2016
MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE MECHANISM As per National Disaster Management Plan, 2016
MANAGEMENT MECHANISM • Institutional Mechanism - • NDMA, SDMA, DDMA • NEC,SEC • NDRF • Financial Arrangements- • National Disaster Response Fund, State Disaster Response Fund and District Disaster Response Fund • National Disaster Mitigation Fund & similar such fund at state and district levels • Capacity Building Grant • Capacity Development- • NIDM • Other institutions: • Civil Defense • Fire Services • Home Guards
SENDAI FRAMEWORK Promoted globally by the United Nations, for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. The four priorities 1. Understanding disaster risk 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience 4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
URBAN FLOODING Hyderabad floods in 2000 Ahmedabad floods in 2001 Delhi floods in 2002 & 2003 Kolkata floods in 2007 Surat in 2006, Jamshedpur in 2008, Delhi in 2009 and Guwahati and Delhi in 2010.
URBAN FLOODING Mumbai floods in July 2005
RECENT URBAN FLOODING Srinagar floods in 2014 Chennai floods in 2015
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN URBAN FLOODING? • centers of economic activities • Urban area are densely populated and people living in vulnerable areas, both rich and poor, suffer due to flooding. • Urbanization leads to developed catchments which increases the flood peaks from 1.8 to 8 times and flood volumes by up to 6 times. • Flooding occurs very quickly due to faster flow times, sometimes in a matter of minutes. • Secondary effects of possible epidemics and exposure to infection takes further toll in terms of loss of livelihood, human suffering.
FACTORS IN URBAN FLOODING AFPM document, GWP and WMO, 2008; $-human factors are added in the Indian Context.
ISSUE OF URBAN FLOODING large scale encroachments on the natural drains and the river flood plains. Improper disposal of solid waste
INPUT FROM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • Improved monitoring, modeling/forecasting and decision-support systems. • Improved monitoring, modeling/forecasting and decision-support systems. • A vulnerability-based geospatial framework to generate and analyse different scenarios. • National Hydro meteorological Network • Local networks for real- time rainfall data • Flood early warning system
FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM Hydrological and Climate data in real time Remote Sensing of Thunderstorm Cells Flood Detection System QPE, QPF, RR and Surge Models Flood Forecast System Assessment of flood Hazard and Time Available Geographic Information System Flood Characterization and Flood Management Policy Flood Management Decision Support System Public Participation Flood Warning System Flood Response System
