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Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis of Autism

This text delves into the concept of executive dysfunction and its hypothesized connection to autism. It defines executive dysfunction as the ability to maintain an effective problem-solving set to achieve future goals, including various cognitive behaviors such as planning and impulse control. Key studies are reviewed, highlighting how executive dysfunction can differentiate between autistic and non-autistic individuals. The text also explores the interplay between executive dysfunction and other disorders like ADHD, and discusses whether it contributes to communication challenges typical in autism.

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Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis of Autism

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  1. Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis of Autism

  2. Definition • “The ability to maintain an appropriate problem-solving set for the attainment of a future goal; it includes behaviours such as planning, impulse control, inhibition of prepotent but irrelevant responses, set maintenance, organized search, and flexibility of search and action.” Ozonoff et al (1991)

  3. Tower of Hanoi

  4. Wisconsin Card Sort

  5. Wisconsin Card Sort Ozonoff et al found that poor performance on tests of executive dysfunction was a more accurate basis for discriminating between who was an was not autistic, compared with first- and second-order tests of false belief. Specificity Universality

  6. The windows taskRussell et al (1991) Hughes & Russell (1993) devised a version that did not involve an opponent. They got the same results

  7. Is executive dysfunction and autism one and the same thing? • No: Adults who acquire executive dysfunction as not autistic. • Maybe there has to be a special cocktail of executive dysfunction and development? • No: Welsh et al (1990) studied children with PKU raised on a diet free of phenylalanine. They had measured intelligence in the normal range but showed impairments on tests of EF. • Despite that, few were diagnosed autistic. • Studies that match executive demands but contrast theory of mind content.

  8. False photo testLeslie & Thaiss (1992)

  9. Message-desire taskMitchell et al (1997)

  10. Comorbidity and other disorders where executive dysfunction might be implicated • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) • Pragmatic Language Impairment • Specific Language Impairment • Tourette Syndrome

  11. Does executive dysfunction explain lack of common sense and naivety in conversationRajendran et al (2004)

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