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This guide explores three key biological processes: diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Diffusion involves the movement of particles from areas of high to low concentration, such as oxygen entering an amoeba. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane, exemplified by water uptake in root hair cells. Active transport, in contrast, moves substances against their concentration gradient, like mineral salts entering root hair cells in nutrient-poor soil. Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending cellular functions.
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Diffusion • Movement of particles • From a region of higher concentration • To a region of lower concentration • Down a concentration gradient • (no need membrane) • Eg. Movement of oxygen into amoeba • Osmosis • Movement of water molecules • From a region of higher water potential • To a region of lower water potential • Across a selectively permeable membrane • Eg. Movement of water into root hair cells • Active Transport • Movement of particles • From a region of lower concentration • To a region of higher concentration • against a concentration gradient • Eg. Movement of mineral salts into root hair cell in infertile soil
