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Civil Rights

Civil Rights. Summary Gender Equity NAACP Famous Figures. Racial Policy Development. 14 th Amendment: 1868 Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896 Separate But Equal Brown v Board of Education: 1954 Desegregation of Public Schools. Racial Policy Development. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

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Civil Rights

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  1. Civil Rights • Summary • Gender Equity • NAACP • Famous Figures

  2. Racial Policy Development • 14th Amendment: 1868 • Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896 • Separate But Equal • Brown v Board of Education: 1954 • Desegregation of Public Schools

  3. Racial Policy Development • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Public Discrimination Ruled Unlawful • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission • The Civil Rights Act of 1968 • Equal Housing

  4. Racial Policy Development • Affirmative Action • LBJ: Executive order 11246 in 1965

  5. Gender Equality • First Women’s College 1821 • Emma Willard • Oberlin College • 1833: Accepts Women • 1841: Allows Women to Graduate

  6. Gender Equality • National Women’s Party: 1916 • First Woman Elected to House of Rep. • 19th Amendment: 1920 • Women’s Suffrage

  7. Gender Equality • Equal Rights Act Proposed: 1923 • NWP • Equal Pay Act: 1963 • The Commission on Status of Women • 1963: 58.9% of Men • 1995: 71.4% of Men • “Glass Ceiling”

  8. Gender Equality • National Organization of Women: 1966 • Created in an effort to pass ERA and to Enforce Title VII of CRA • 1972: Nixon Supports ERA, Congress Passes ERA, but States Refuse To Ratify ERA • Equal Credit Opportunity Act: 1974

  9. Gender Equality • Education Amendments Act: 1972 • Title IX: Equal Representation in Men's and Women's Athletics • 1971: 1 in 27 • 1998: 1 in 2.5

  10. NAACP Its Historical Development: Then and Now

  11. Background Info: NAACP • Founded in 1909 in New York City by a group committed to social justice • Objective: To ensure political, social, economic, equality of minority group citizens • Establishes legal precedents to improve life for the lower classes • Founders: W.E.B. Du Bois, William English Walling, Ida Wells-Barnett • Today: Network of more than 2,200 affiliates; including Japan and Germany • Oldest and largest civil rights organization • President and CEO– Kweisi Mfume

  12. 1909: NAACP founded by multiracial groups of activists 1910: Guinn v. United States struck down grandfather clause as unconstitutional (15th Amendment) 1913: President Woodrow Wilson officially introduces segregation in Federal government 1917: Buchanan v. Supreme Court blacks can’t be segregated residential districts Timeline

  13. 1918: Woodrow Wilson finally makes a public statement against lynching 1920: First Annual Conference held (sign of strength) 1941: Ensure equal employment in federal industries (President F.D.R.) 1945: Demand monetary support by national government like other progressive programs Timeline Continued

  14. Working through the Courts • 90 yrs of political pressure, marches, demonstrations, and effective lobbying • 1st major campaign: laws against lynching • 1930’s: Shift to economic conditions • FDR’s Fair Employment Practices Committee ban racial discrimination in industries which received federal contracts • WWII: End discrimination in Armed Services/ Employment opportunities at home

  15. Working through the Courts • Brown v. Board of Education: End of racial discrimination at schools • NAACP produced Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1964 • Voting Rights Act 1965 • 1968 Fair Housing Act

  16. Fair Share Program • Early 1970’s: Anticipated progressive withdrawal of the broad-based role of the federal government • National public policy no longer was the principal tool for income redistribution, job creation, and training programs for minorities • 1981: Focus on private sector for African American economic advancement • Objective: Create employment opportunities with private sector companies

  17. Fair Share Program • Goals: • Establish minority programs, including utilization of African American contractors, professionals, financial institutions • Aggressive affirmative action programs • Promote contributions to various worthy African American causes and organizations • Creation of investment and ownership opportunities for African American businesses

  18. Issues NAACP is Battling Today • Search for Tougher Hate Crime Laws passed by the national government • Halt Anti-affirmative action

  19. Hateful Killings • Arthur J.R. Warren was black and gay • Beaten to death and then run over several times to make it look like a hit-and-run • Parents with civil rights groups on July 20, 2000 met the U.S. Justice Department in Washington D.C. • Urges Congress to pass Hate Crimes Prevention Act • Stronger penalties for persons who injure someone on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, sexual origin

  20. Anti-Affirmative Action • Ward Connerly, a black Conservative,was unsuccessful to to place an anti-affirmative action on Florida’s November ballot (2000) • Succeed in California and Washington state • NAACP continue to fight Jeb Bush’s “One Florida plan” • Bans considerations of race and gender • NAACP: Discrimination • Education, Health Care

  21. Milwaukee Board of School Directors (2/15/2001) • Education is necessary to succeed in life • Segregation with the sanction of law creates feelings of inferiority and deprive the minorities with quality education. • Ordered a return to neighborhood schools • Wisconsin Gov. Tommy Thompson ordered a 10% reduction in busing • African Americans make up 61% of students at public schools • Extensive residential segregation

  22. Milwaukee Board of School Directors (2/15/2001) • Challenges: • How to makes sure that a return to neighborhood schools does not deprive African Americans a proper education • How to limit busing by encouraging more people to attend their neighborhood schools • Guarantee that there are enough schools in the neighborhoods where children live

  23. Milwaukee School Desegregation • 1976: 73 MPS were more than 90% white, while 31 school were more than 90% black • With integration, Black students need buses to travel such long distances • $1.2 billion needed to ensure that all children had access to early childhood education, lower class size, computers, etc.

  24. NAACP Health • Continues to be deeply concerned about the economic and social barriers of health care that affect minorities • Educate people about costs, quality and access, professional training • Goals: • Developing national health education initiatives • Expanding outreach in communities • Sponsoring programs with other health groups

  25. Leaders in the Quest for Civil Rights W. E. Du Bois (1868-1963a.d) Cesar Chavez (1927-1993a.d.) Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993a.d.) Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906a.d.)

  26. William Edward Du Bois(1868-1963a.d.) • Founder of the NAACP (1909) • Editor of The Crisis magazine (1910-1934) • Conducted sociological investigations of blacks in America • Administered first case study of a black community in the United States • Supporter of protest in order to achieve social change

  27. Cesar Estrada Chavez(1927-1993a.d.) • Organizer and leader of migrant farm workers • Created United Farm Workers of America (UFW) • Led strike and boycott in order to improve workers rights (1965) • Gain right to organize farm workers into a labor union (1977)

  28. Thurgood Marshall(1908-1993a.d.) • First African-American member of the supreme court (1967-1991) • Successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Won many landmark cases for the advancement of civil rights • Chief of NAACP’s legal staff (1940) • Supported rights of minorities while serving on Supreme Court

  29. Susan Brownell Anthony(1820-1906a.d.) • Pioneer crusader for the Women’s Rights movement • President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1892-1900) • Leader in the development of the 19th amendment (1920) • Published The Revolution, a periodical calling for the advancement of women

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