1. Mindsets:Developing Talent Through a Growth Mindset Center for Confidence Growing Success September 18, 2008

2. “I don’t divide the world into the weak and the strong, or the successes and the failures… I divide the world into the learners and nonlearners.” - Benjamin Barber

5. Mindsets • Fixed Mindset: Intelligence is a fixed trait …Myth of the “natural” • Growth Mindset: Intelligence is a malleable quality; a potential that can be developed …Talent is a starting point

6. Mindsets • Which mindset is correct? • Which mindset is most popular? • Do people hold the same mindsets across domains? • Are the mindsets related to people’s ability? • Are the mindsets themselves fixed or can they be changed?

7. What Do Mindsets Do?

8. What Do Mindsets Do? Goals Learning is Most Important: “It’s much more important for me to learn things in my classes than it is to get the best grades.” Looking Smart is Most Important: “The main thing I want when I do my school work is to show how good I am at it.”

9. Pre-Med Study

10. Scott Forstall & The iPhone

11. Paying Attention to Learning Ability-Relevant Feedback Question “Who was the Union general at the battle of Gettysburg?” Subject types response and confidence * * Correct answer or 1.5 s 1.5 s 2 s 1 s Learning-Relevant Feedback

12. The Fixed Mindset Leader

13. What Mindsets Do Effort Beliefs Effort is positive: “The harder you work at something, the better you’ll be at it.” Effort is negative: “To tell the truth, when I work hard at my school work it makes me feel like I’m not very smart.”

14. Do Geniuses Work? Or Does it Just Come Naturally?

15. Anne Mulcahy: CEO of Xerox

16. What Mindsets Do Strategies Resilient: “I would work harder in this class from now on.” “I would spend more time studying for the tests.” Helpless: “I would spend less time on this subject from now on.” “I would try not to take this subject ever again.” “I would try to cheat on the next test.”

17. Math Achievement growth fixed

18. Fixed MindsetNo Good Way to Recover from Failure • Choose to repair self-esteem by looking at work of people who had done worse • Choose to repair self-esteem by re-enacting strengths vs. repairing weaknesses

19. Negotiations(Kray & Haselhun) Negotiators with a growth mindset: Showed superior negotiation strategies Were undaunted by setbacks Were better at finding common ground Consistently outperformed those with a fixed mindset

20. How are Mindsets Communicated? Messages We Send

22. How Are Mindsets Communicated? Intelligence Praise: “Wow, that’s a really good score. You must be smart at this.” Effort (Process) Praise: “Wow, that’s a really good score. You must have tried really hard.”

23. Effects of Intelligence vs. Effort Praise • Mindset: Fixed vs. Growth • Goals: Looking smart vs. Learning After Difficult Trial: • Confidence: Low vs. High • Motivation: Low vs. High • Performance: Decreased vs. Increased

24. Number of problems solved on Trial 1 (before failure) and Trial 3 (after failure). Number of Problems Solved

25. Lying Students who misrepresented their scores Type of Praise Given

26. Changing Mindsets

30. Math Grades(Blackwell, Trzesniewski, & Dweck)

31. Percent Identified as Increasing in Motivation

32. Replicated several times • Reduced gender and race gaps in achievement

33. Brainology 5 Computer Modules Teachers’ Guide

34. Visit to Brain Lab

35. Mad Scientist

36. Brain Experiments

37. The Learning Brain

38. Have you changed your mind about anything? • My favorite thing from Brainology is the neurons part where when u learn something there are connections and they keep growing. I always picture them when I’m in school (khadija) • Yes … I imagine neurons making connections in my brain and I feel like I am learning something. (biggie)

39. Changing Mindsets in Organizations (Peter Heslin & colleagues)

40. Before Workshop • Fixed mindset managers don’t notice improvement--first impressions last • Fixed mindset managers don’t mentor their employees as much--people can’t change • Fixed mindset managers can’t take criticism

41. Mindset Workshop for Managers • Scientific article and video on how the brain grows with learning throughout life • Exercises to instill a growth mindset

42. After After receiving a growth mindset workshop, managers showed greater: • Openness to employee change • Willingness to mentor and higher quality of mentoring • Openness to critical feedback

43. ConclusionThe belief in growth allows individuals to: • Embrace learning • Welcome challenges, mistakes, and feedback • Understand the role of effort in creating talent

45. At the organizational level, a growth mindset organization: • Portrays skills as acquirable • Values passion, effort, improvement (and teamwork), not just natural talent • Presents leaders as mentors vs. judges

47. Thank you!

50. Mindset Workshop • What is an area in which you once had low ability, but now perform quite well? How were you able to make this change? • Who is someone in your life who dramatically improved their performance? What did they do that enabled them to improve?