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Chemical Energy for Cells

adenosine. triphosphate. tri=3. adenosine. diphosphate. di=2. Chemical Energy for Cells. Chemical energy for cells comes in 2 forms: ATP= Adenosine Tri phosphate (high energy) ADP= Adenosine Di phosphate (lower energy). Different foods provide different amounts of ATP:

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Chemical Energy for Cells

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  1. adenosine triphosphate tri=3 adenosine diphosphate di=2 Chemical Energy for Cells Chemical energy for cells comes in 2 forms: ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate (high energy) ADP= Adenosine Diphosphate (lower energy)

  2. Different foods provide different amounts of ATP: • Fats store the most energy. • about 146 ATP from a triglyceride • Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. • Up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule • Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP, but have about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate.

  3. Chemical Energy in Plants • Plants are producers because they produce their own chemical energy through photosynthesis. • Photosynthesis is a process that captures sunlight to make sugars (=carbs) for chemical energy. • Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast organelle (in leaf cells).

  4. grana (thylakoids) chloroplast stroma • grana/granum(pl.) • (made up of thylakoids containing chlorophyll) • stroma • (fluid outside grana) Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts. thylakoid

  5. Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlightC6H12O6 + 6O2 Sugar (glucose) 2 parts of Photosynthesis: • Light-Dependent reactions take place in/across thylakoid. (Sunlight and water are used to produce ATP and give off oxygen) • Light-Independent reactions take place in the stroma. (AKA: Calvin Cycle) (ATP and carbon dioxide are used to produce sugars)

  6. chloroplast 1 grana(stack of thylakoids) sunlight 6O2 6H2O 2 energy thylakoid stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids) 6CO2 1 six-carbon sugar C6H12O6 3 4

  7. Respiration • Cellular Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+ 6H2O+ ATP(energy) * This is an aerobic process- it NEEDS oxygen

  8. 3 major steps: • Glycosis: NOT in mitochondia(in cytoplasm of cell) =anaerobic process to make ATP In mitochondria: 2) Krebs cycle (in matrix): makes small amount of ATP, releases carbon dioxide 3) Electron transport (in inner membranes): makes ATP and releases water

  9. 1 ATP mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) and 6CO 2 energy 2 3 energy from glycolysis ATP inner membrane and and 6H O 6O 2 2 4

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