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“An abnormal reaction to an abnormal situation is normal behavior.”

The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or reckless destruction of life. “An abnormal reaction to an abnormal situation is normal behavior.” - a survivor. 1933- 1945.

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“An abnormal reaction to an abnormal situation is normal behavior.”

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  1. The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or reckless destruction of life

  2. “An abnormal reaction to an abnormal situation is normal behavior.” - a survivor

  3. 1933-1945 Historical Context of The Holocaust

  4. Judaism • Dates back nearly 4,000 years • Shares many ideas with Christianity and Islam – all originated in the Middle East. • Sacred texts of all 3 overlap. For example, the Hebrew Bible is what Christians call the Old Testament. Many of the Bible stories also appear in the Islamic sacred text, the Qur’an.

  5. Nationalistic fervor Racism Centuries-old bigotry World War I Antisemitism 1933-1945 Treaty of Versailles Weimar Republic International Indifference Propaganda The Depression Political charisma of Adolf Hitler

  6. Who was Hitler?

  7. As a young man he had a crush on a Jewish girl, and her father forbid the relationship because he did not think Hitler was good enough for his daughter.Part of his antisemitism in this case is psychological, news of the war's end and Germany's loss came to Hitler when he was half blind in Pasewalk hospital, which would have increased the blow. Ludendorff's stab in the back theory (the belief that the Jews were responsible for the end of the war) had a big impact on Hitler (what soldier wouldn't be influenced by his top commander?) The Jewish involvement in the communist uprisings and the later hated Weimar Republic would have cemented this in Hitler's mind. And for a guy who was pretty much a homeless failure before the war, a hero during it, and probably would return to the homeless failure afterwards unless he did something, Hitler would have been looking for someone to blame. Germany was in an economic depression (enormous debt following WWI – had been forced to borrow to pay reparations to the victorious European powers, as demanded by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919) and existing prejudices and blame were already held by some people aimed toward Jews, some of whom held wealth through banking, owning property, etc. for the depression. So Hitler was able to use those as a convenient political vehicle to get support from Germans for his political power. The Jewish people of Germany were a political scapegoat for Germany's problems. As a uprisings and the later hated Weimar Republic would have cemented this in Hitler's mind. And for a guy who was pretty much a homeless failure before the war, a hero during it, and probably would return to the homeless failure afterwards unless he did something, Hitler would have been looking for someone to blame. Germany was in an economic depression (enormous debt following WWI – had been forced to borrow to pay reparations to the victorious European powers, as demanded by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919) and existing prejudices and blame were already held by some people aimed toward Jews, some of whom held wealth through banking, owning property, etc. for the depression. So Hitler was able to use those as a convenient political vehicle to get support from Germans for his political power. The Jewish people of Germany were a political scapegoat for Germany's problems.

  8. And for a guy who was pretty much a homeless failure before the war, a hero during it, and probably would return to the homeless failure afterwards unless he did something, Hitler would have been looking for someone to blame. Germany was in an economic depression (enormous debt following WWI – had been forced to borrow to pay reparations to the victorious European powers, as demanded by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Existing prejudices and blame were already held by some people aimed toward Jews, some of whom held wealth through banking and ownership of property.

  9. The Role of Propaganda

  10. Salarino: Why, I am sure, if he forfeit, thou wilt not take his flesh? What’s that good for? Shylock: To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute; and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

  11. Whydid the Nazis Come to Power in Germany? Nazis Come to Power in Germany? • Hitler’s charisma and leadership seduced the masses • Germany was resentful about the Treaty of Versailles(signed at end of WW1, in 1919, and ended state of war between Allied Powers and Germany) and its perceived attempt at emasculating the German people. • Nazism was the logical outgrowth of a history of authoritarianism and militarism in Germany. Nazis represented the anti-democratic values in German history • 2000 year old tradition of anti-semitism • Germany’s declining economy, inflation and depression • Revolt against the Englightenment Movement of the 19th Century – individualism, mass rule, mankind can change its own nature.

  12. NazisNazis Advocated: • Community • Unity • The Fuhrer • Order/discipline – opposed to Democracy • Aryan race • Physical labor • War • Patriotism/Nationalism • Social Darwinism • Force/violence • Eugenics - Improving genetic composition of a group of people

  13. Nazis opposed: • Democracy • Individual freedom • Jews • Internationalism • Birth control • Integration of races

  14. Spreading Nazism • Complete control of the mass media • Frequent fanatical speeches spreading Nazism and Antisemitism • Standard symbols, like swastika, Nazi flag, uniforms, armbands • Nazi slogans on banners/posters • Organization of the Hitler Youth • Well organized spy system to identify enemies of the Party

  15. 1933-1945 Karl Lueger (1844-1907)Mayor of Vienna

  16. “If Dr. Karl Lueger had lived in Germany, he would have been ranked among the great minds of our people.” -Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf

  17. Beer Hall Putsch 1933-1945 Also known as the Munich Putsch - a failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923, when Nazi Party leader Hitler, Ludendorff, and other heads of the Kampfbund(a league of patriotic fighting societies) unsuccessfully tried to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany in Nov. 9, 1923

  18. Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • “Mein Kampf” means “My Struggle;” Hitler wrote it while in prison in the 1920’s • Still banned in most European countries • Given to every newly married German couple from the late 1930’s onward

  19. Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • “The relation of the Jews to prostitution and, even more, to the white-slave traffic, could be studied in Vienna…When thus for the first time I recognized the Jew as the cold-hearted, shameless, and calculating director of this revolting vice traffic in the scum of the big city, a cold shudder ran down my back.” (p. 59) • “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord.” (p. 65)

  20. Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF “On this first and greatest lie, that the Jews are not a race, but a religion, more and more lies are based in necessary consequence.” (p. 307)

  21. Elections • Hindenburg 49.6 percentHitler 30.1 percentHindenburg 49.6 percentHitler 30.1 percentThaelmann 13.2 percentDuesterberg 6.8 percen

  22. 1933-1945 1933Hitler becomes Chancellor

  23. 1933-1945 1933-1945

  24. 1933-1945 May 10, 1934Book Burnings

  25. 1933-1945 Night of the Long KnivesJune 30-July 2, 1934 3 nights of political murders

  26. "If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people." "It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot."

  27. 1933-1945 March 1933Dachau (Da kau) Concentration Camp

  28. 1933-1945 Sept. 10, 1935Nuremberg Laws

  29. The as "German Way to Define Who was a Jew 4 German granparents – Kindred Blood Descended from 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents – Jewish Descended from 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents – Mixed blood Mixed blood who were Christians – retained their German citizenship Banned sexual intercourse between a German and Jew Banned involvement in German civic life Prohibited marriage between a German and Jew Deprived Jews of German citizenship Boycott of Jewish businesses Barred from employment, from use of state hospitals, parks, libraries, beaches, schools (past age of 14) War Memorials were to have Jewish names expunged Passports were stamped with a “J,” as Jews could leave Germany, but not return. Jews who didn’t have a Jewish first name had to adopt a Jewish middle name: Sara for women/Israel for men between people defined as "Jews" and non-Jewish Germans and prevented "Jews" from participating in German civic life.

  30. July 1938Evian Conference Jews met with Britain and U.S. to discuss the situation in Germany, only to leave disheartened as neither country was willing to take in Jews. 1933-1945

  31. 1933-1945 October 1938Deportations Begin

  32. 1933-1945 November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst VomRath Triggered Kristallnacht

  33. 'Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on this earth. Wherever I have been I have been chased like an animal.'9 --Herchel Grynszpan

  34. 1933-1945 November 9, 1938Kristallnacht

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