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The Pentateuch

The Pentateuch. “Five Scrolls” Summary of ch. 3 Encountering the Old Testament. The Pentateuch. First 5 books of OT Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy Also called Torah – law, instruction Book of the Law Books of Moses.

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The Pentateuch

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  1. The Pentateuch “Five Scrolls” Summary of ch. 3 Encountering the Old Testament

  2. The Pentateuch • First 5 books of OT • Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy • Also called • Torah – law, instruction • Book of the Law • Books of Moses

  3. The story of how Israel’s ancestors became the people chosen by God • Chosen to represent God to the world • Chosen to be a blessing to the world • Genesis 1-11 • Story of beginnings • Creation – life • Struggles of life • Good vs Evil • Effects of sin, evil • Estrangement between people, people & God

  4. Gen 12-50 • Story of Abraham and his family and their journey of faith • Covenant between Abraham and God • Exodus • Story of Moses and his leadership of Israel out of Egypt • Covenant between Israel and God

  5. Leviticus • Guidance from sons of Levi - priests • Instructions for moral and ritual purity • God’s people should be holy because he is holy • Numbers • Story of Israel’s travels after leaving Egypt • Struggles of faithfulness to the covenant • Deuteronomy – “second law” • Moses prepares Israel for the promised land

  6. Themes of the Pentateuch • Sovereignty of god • Creator, protection of Abraham, defeats Egyptian gods • God in History • God is involved in history, not simply above or beyond it • Struggle with evil, sin

  7. Salvation • Deliverance from control of evil • Holiness • Character of God • Expects his people to share holiness • People become like what they revere, worship

  8. Who wrote the Pentateuch? • Traditional theory • Moses wrote it • Modern theory • Several wrote various parts over a long period of time • Different themes, different name of God, different perspectives reflect different authors

  9. Main documents • J E D P • J – “Jehovah” – Yahweh • E – “Elohim” • D – mainly Deuteronomy • P – mainly priestly material • Eventually all these documents were put together to form the Pentateuch • Many debates over these ideas

  10. Much of the material was transmitted orally for generations • Much of the material was shaped at the time of Moses • Several later shaped the traditions handed down from Moses

  11. Redaction criticism • Tries to detect how different sources are edited together • Form criticism • Analyzes different literary types, styles (genre) - (narrative, poetry, wisdom, etc) • Sitz im leben – “situation in life” • The settings in which the different literary types were used • Tradition criticism • Tries to trace the oral traditions

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