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Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands

Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands. Key Terms/Vocabulary. Borderland Presidio Pueblo Function Convert Mission. Spanish Florida. Spanish explorers reached Florida in the early 1500’s Built a fort called St. Augustine First permanent European settlement in US

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Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands

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  1. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands

  2. Key Terms/Vocabulary Borderland Presidio Pueblo Function Convert Mission

  3. Spanish Florida • Spanish explorers reached Florida in the early 1500’s • Built a fort called St. Augustine • First permanent European settlement in US • As English colonies spread south, Spanish control was threatened • Enslaved Africans who escaped to Florida would be protected • Given land if helped protect the colony

  4. Spanish Borderlands • Most important colonies were in Mexico and South America • Territories north of Mexico were called borderlands: lands along a frontier • Main function: purpose, proper use of borderlands was to protect Mexico from other European powers • Borderlands included: • Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California

  5. Juan de Oñate • Led an expedition into New Mexico in 1598 • Aimed to find gold, to convert: to change from one religion to anotherNative Americans to Christianity, and to establish a permanent colony • Spain’s first permanent settlement in Sante Fe region • Native Americans learned how to use horses, later rebelled and drove Spanish from the region

  6. Missions • Roman Catholic missionaries played key role in colonizing borderlands • Missions: religious settlements that aim to spread a religion into a new area, were established • Most important missions were in California • Junipero Serra played an important role, started missions in what is now San Diego, San Francisco, and Los Angeles

  7. Towns and Posts • Spain also sent soldiers and set up presidios: military posts to defend the missions • Established pueblos: civilian towns which were the centers of farming and trade • In the middle of town was a plaza, or public square • People could do business here or go to church

  8. Life in the missions • Thousands of Native Americans labored at the missions • Farmed, built churches, learned wide range of crafts • Weren’t over worked but did not have control over their lives • Punished harshly if violated mission rules • Imprisoned and kept in shackles or whipped

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