TEACHING GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

TEACHING GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Калинина Е.А., К.п.н., доцент кафедры филологического образования

It Takes Two to Tango…English Idiom • Grammar-Translation • The Direct Method • Audiolingualism • Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

“PRESENT-PRACTISE CYCLE” • LEAD-IN • TEACHER CLARIFICATION • RESTRICTED OUTPUT (oral and written practice) • AUTHENTIC OUTPUT (communicative activities)

Basic Principles for Grammar Teaching: • Efficiency= economy +ease • Appropriacy

TWO MAIN APPROACHES: • A Deductive approach- rule-driven learning • An inductive approach- discovery learning

SITUATIONAL PRESENTATION • ESTABLISH THE CONTEXT • ESTABLISH THE MEANING OF THE TARGET ITEM • INTRODUCE AND PRCTISE THE TARGET LANGUAGE • GENERATE MORE SENTENCES FROM THE CONTEXT

CATEGORIES OF CLARIFICATION: • TEACHER EXPLANATION(T tells the learner) • GUIDED DISCOVERY (T helps the learner to tell himself) • SELF-DIRECTED DISCOVERY (the learner tells himself)

GUIDED DISCOVERY. THE TEACHER’S ROLE: • TO SELECT APPROPRIATE TASKS • TO OFFER GOOD INSTRUCTIONS, QUESTIONS, HELP, FEEDBACK • MANAGE AND STRUCTURE THE LESSON SO THAT ALL THE LEARNERS ARE INVOLVED AND DRAW THE MOST POSSIBLE FROM THE ACTIVITY

GUIDED DISCOVERY.TYPICAL QUESTIONS: QUESTIONS ABOUT FORM: • What word goes in this space? • How many words are there in the sentence? • How do you spell that? • Is that a verb?

QUESTIONS ABOUT FUNCTION: • Do they know each other? • Is this formal or informal? • Where do you think they are speaking? • How does he feel?

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES: • Put these words in the right order. • Fill in the spaces. • Change this into the past simple tense. • Write this sentence again, with exactly the same meaning, but only using seven words.

REFLECTING ON USE: • Write down some of the sentences you heard. • Why did you use that tense? • Which of those two sentences is correct?

SENTENCE ANALYSIS: • Mark all the prepositions. • Mark the main stress in the sentence. • How many auxiliary verbs are there? • Cross out any unnecessary words.

CONTEXTS AND SITUATIONS: • This is Paul. Where does he work? Tell me what he does every day. • Look at this picture. What is going to happen? • If I throw this pen at the picture on the wall, what will happen?

RESTRICTED OUTPUT: • Drills.(substitution drills, transformation drills, true sentences) • Elicited dialogues.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE ACTIVITIES AND GAMES. • SPLIT SENTENCES, • GRAMMAR QUIZ, • MEMORY TEST, • PICTURE DICTATION, • MIMING AN ACTION, • GROWING STORIES.

HOW TO INTEGRATE GRAMMAR • The PPP model PRESENTATION---PRACTICE----PRODUCTION • TASK-BASED MODEL TASK---TEACH---TASK

ESA

Indicate steps of teaching grammar. What do you start with? What do you do next?

COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR. WHAT IS IT?

Lexis include: • SINGLE WORDS, • COLLOCATIONS, • CHUNKS= MULTIWORD ITEMS (SOMEONE YOU CAN TALK TO, ON-THE –SPOT DECISIONS)

STAGES OF LEARNING LEXIS: • Meeting new lexical items and understanding them and their use, • Practising using them, • Memorising them, • Recalling and using them.

Memory in Language Acquisition: • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval

PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR LEXIS: Gloves mime putting them on Disgusting mime and make a facial expression Swimming translate it Café draw or show a flashcard or a picture Frightened tell a personal anecdote Window –sill point to the object Hope read out a dictionary definition

LEXICAL PRACTICE ACTIVITIES: • Matching pictures to lexical items, • Matching lexical items to others (collocations, synonyms, opposites) • Using prefixes or suffixes to build new lexical items from given words, • Classifying items into lists • Filling in crosswords, grids or diagrams, • Filling in gaps in sentences, • Memory games.

ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHING VOCABULARY • MEANING INTERPRETATION: pictures, gestures, context, synonyms, antonyms, descriptions, guessing, translation. • WORD REINFORCEMENT: associations, rating, recalling, transformation, combination • COMMUNICATIVE USE: context, drama, imaging, prose(cloze), poetry (cloze), story-telling, games. • MNEMONIC EXECISES: paired associates,rhyme, rhythm, location.

THANKS FOR ATTENTION!

TEACHING GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY