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Understanding the Dative Case in Latin: Usage with Adjectives, Verbs, and Noun Clauses

This guide covers the use of the dative case in Latin, focusing on its application with adjectives, special verbs, and jussive noun clauses. It explains how certain adjectives indicate qualities directed at a dative noun, while specific verbs express attitudes toward dative objects instead of accusative ones. Additionally, it examines compound verbs that require the dative and introduces jussive clauses as indirect commands. Learn to identify these structures, their rules, and key exceptions to enhance your understanding of Latin grammar.

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Understanding the Dative Case in Latin: Usage with Adjectives, Verbs, and Noun Clauses

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  1. March 22nd, 2012 Dative with Adjectives; Dative with Special Verbs; Dative with Compounds; Jussive Noun Clauses; Fio

  2. Dative with Adjectives • Already encountered dative as the indirect object. • Certain adjectives (esp. those followed in English by “to/toward” or “for”) are followed by a noun in the dative connoting to/toward/for whom/what the quality of the adjective applies. • Cf. Wheelock, p. 246.

  3. Dative with Special Verbs • Certain verbs (i.e. those connoting an attitude toward someone/something) are followed by a dative rather than an accusative direct object; generally verbs that in English are followed by to/toward/for. • Intransitive verbs. • Caution! Many such verbs are transitive in English. • Cf. Wheelock, pp. 246-7.

  4. Dative with Compound Verbs • Compound verbs with the prefixes: ad, ante, con, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, super are followed by a dative rather than the accusative direct object. • Only applies when the addition of the prefix significantly alters the meaning of the word without the prefix attached. • If the simple verb (i.e. minus the prefix) is ordinarily transitive, then compounds of that verb often take accusative direct object and dative indirect object. • Cf. Wheelock, p. 247-8.

  5. Jussive Noun Clauses • An indirect command. • Direct command = “Do this” (Imperative); “Let them do this” (Jussive Subjunctive). • Indirect command = “He urges you to do this.” • Introduced by “ut” or “ne” followed by a verb in the subjunctive. • Look similar to a purpose clause; usually identified by the presence of a main verb connoting ordering, commanding, urging, persuading etc. • Note: Some such verbs are special verbs which take the dative of the person ordered, persuaded etc. • Cf. Wheelock, p. 253. • Hortor (I urge), Impero (I command + dat), Moneo (I advise), Oro (I beg), Persuadeo (I persuade + dat), Peto (I beg + ab + abl.), Quaero (I request + ab + abl.), Rogo (I ask); NOTE: Iubeo is an exception; cf. Wheelock, p. 254.

  6. Fio, Fieri, Factus sum • To occur, happen, become; be done, be made. • The perfect system is the same as perfect, passive system of facio, facere, feci, factus sum and means the same thing. • Memorize the paradigm for the present system (Wheelock, p. 255).

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