Abused children

1. Abused children By: Siearra

2. 5 main kinds of abuse

3. Maltreatmentverbal, emotional & mental Verbal abuse is a form of battery that involves the use of words, rather than blows and punches. In a verbally abusive situation, words are used to attack, control, and inflict harm on another person. Verbally abusive behavior goes far beyond mean behavior; it involves inflicting psychological violence on another person, attacking the very nature of an individual's being and attempting to destroy his or her spirit. Emotional abuseis commonly defined as a pattern of behavior that attacks a child's emotional development and sense of well-being. This includes excessive, aggressive or unreasonable demands that place expectations on a child beyond his or her capacity. Mental buseis a form of violence that affects the mind, often leaving the abused feeling worthless and lacking empowerment.

4. physical • Physical abuse is non-accidental physical injury ranging from • minor bruises to severe fractures or death that is inflicted by a parent, • guardian, caregiver, or other person who has responsibility for the child. • Intent to harm the child is not necessary for act to be considered abuse. • Physical discipline, such as spanking or paddling, is not considered abuse as long as it is reasonable and causes no bodily injury to the child. (Child Welfare • Information Gateway, 2008) • Examples Include: • punching • beating • Kicking • biting • shaking • throwing • stabbing • choking • hitting (with a hand, stick, strap, or other object), • burning

5. sexual Sexual Abuse is, the forcing of unwanted sexual activity by one person on another, as by the use of threats or coercion. Touching sexual offenses include:• Fondling • Making a child touch an adult’s sexual organs; and Penetrating a child’s vagina or anus no matter how slight with a penis or any object that doesn’t have a valid medical purpose.Non-touching sexual offenses include:• Engaging in indecent exposure or exhibitionism;• Exposing children to pornographic material;• Deliberately exposing a child to the act of sexual intercourse; and• Masturbating in front of a child.Sexual exploitation can include:• Engaging a child or soliciting a child for the purposes of prostitution; and• Using a child to film, photograph or model pornography.

6. Neglect NCANDS defines neglectas “a type of maltreatment that refers to the failure by the caregiver to provide needed, age-appropriate care although financially able to do so or offered financial or other means to do so.” Types of Neglect Physical Educational emotional/psychological neglect Medical

7. Leading questions • Yes or No questions • General questions • Multiple Choice • Focus questions Five question types to ask a child who you suspect has been abused.

8. General Questions are frequently used as opening questions when an adult comes in for assessment or treatment. • Less useful with young children. Example: 1) "Did anyone tell you why you are coming to see me today?" General questions

9. Focus Questions gain information while not being a leading question • 3 Types that are Focused on: • People • Circumstances of Abuse • Body Parts • Example: • 1) “What do you do during playtime with ___?” Focus questions

10. Multiple Choice question gives the interviewee multiple ways to respond to a given question. • These types may be hard for children when more options are given. • Give them a correct response, so that the child is not given the choice between two or more incorrect responses. • EXAMPLES: • 1) Did that happen one time or more than one time? • 2) Did that happen at your house, at grandpa’s house, or some other place? Multiple choice

11. Yes or No questions help children give answers in a direct way. Young children can provide accurate information using this method. However, be cautious, children like to respond in a way they think will please person asking. Examples: Did your mother touch your private part? Was it your uncle who put his hands down your pants? Yes or no questions

12. A leading question is one in which the desired answer is specified in the question. Leading questions are commonly encountered by witnesses when they are cross-examined in court. However, they are not appropriate to investigative interviewing of children. Leading questions are usually not necessary and may be perceived as coercive because they convey the interviewer's own view of events. Interrogations using leading questions also may influence children's interpretations of events are likely to lead to an attack on the validity of the interview findings. Examples: 1)Your neighbor touched you, didn’t he? Leading questions

13. Techniques and Proper Etiquette Many Professionals use several different kinds of techniques to interview children. You always need to realize the type of child, age group and kind of abuse when deciding what a proper method would be.

14. Interview prep • Introduce self before the interview • Explain that it is acceptable to tell the interviewer he/she does not know the answer to a question • Explain to the child that he/she should correct the interviewer if interviewer is mistaken • Provide child with practice responding to open ended prompts when describing their experiences

15. voice • Confident • Strong • Comfortable

16. Forward/direct questions Forward questions lead to one word answers when explanations are sometimes needed. This could include questions like “Do you get it?” and “Where did it happen?”   Additional examples of forward questions: • Is your uncle drunk when he hurts you? • Does your father hit you with a belt?

17. Explicit Dolls • Most widely employed of the media•Appropriate children aged 2 to 6 • Dolls are a medium through which interviewers may communicate with children, just as language isAdvantages of using dolls • Showing may be easier than telling. • The dolls' explicit parts may serve as a stimulus to remind the child of sexual abuse. • Their genitalia, breasts, mouth openings, and anal openings allow for more precise communication than speech or non explicit dolls.

18. Interactive games & art • Tea Parties • Card Toss • I Feel Game • Draw Yourself • Squiggle Game • Hangman • Telephone Game • Book Reading

19. T H E E N D REFERENCES Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2011). Techniques for the child interview and a methodology for substantiating sexual abuse. Retrieved from http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/sexabuse/sexabusee.cfm Coulborn Faller, K. (n.d.). Focused questions for interviewing children suspected of maltreatment and other traumatic experiences. Retrieved from http://141.211.91.162/public/currentProjects/icwtp/childparent/s6-focus.pdf National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), (2005), Child Neglect, American Humane Society, United States of America Selby, M. (2008). Reconising signs of child abuse and neglect. Practice Nurse, 36(2), 32-35. Vasquez, R. (2012, 24 1). Interviewing children. Retrieved from http://www.azcourts.gov/casa/Training/TrainingCourses/InterviewingChildren.aspx