Federal Aviation Administration

1. Federal Aviation Administration Research Area 2: Space Transportation Operations, Technologies & Payloads Presentation at the Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation Research Road Map Workshop 2 August 16, 2011Nick DemidovichAST R&D Advisory Board Member

2. AGENDA Outputs from Workshop #1 Research Area 2 Hierarchy Primary Goals for Workshop #2 Complete Research Area Hierarchy Identify Broad Research Topics Identify Specific Tasks Identify High Priority Tasks Low-hanging fruit to enable safer, more reliable Commercial Space Transportation Lowering cost, improving mission rate are force multipliers Additional Goal  identify efficient means to: Prevent duplication of efforts by NASA, DOD, NSF, and possibly NOAA, DOT and other USG agencies University and/or private sector community Leverage current/prior R&D efforts for FAA/Comm Space industry benefit

3. New Areas we addressed • Man rated vehicle safety technology • payloads • ECLSS • Safety enabling sensors recorders • Insurance reduction/learn from other transportation modes • NASA Commercial RLV technology roadmap –study

4. Research Area 2 Hierarchy

5. Research Area 2.1 Hierarchy Broad Research Topics Space Ops Ground Ops Pre-launch processing

6. Ideas/questions to answer • 2.1.1.5 • Examine technology options for near Real Time wind predictions. • Develop wind technologies to support launch and re-entry • 2.1.2 • Research and recommend a certification program for maintenance technicians. Space equivalent from aviation • Research, advance mobile range concepts • Explore low cost concepts for down range • 2.1.3 • Explore lessons learned (extrapolation) from aviation to spacecraft industry. • 2.1.2 / 2.1.5 • ** Research and recommend safe, expeditious, and cost efficient processing of reusable manned or unmanned vehicles that are payloads on ELVs • Landing, inspection, modification if needed, transportation, and integration • **Explore expeditious way for licensing • When minor changes to a licensed spacecraft, consider between having to re-license entire spacecraft or license the specific change

7. Research Area 2.2 Hierarchy FMEA GNC Rapid prototyping Hardware Software Simulation and Testing Broad Research Topics

8. Ideas/questions to answer • 2.2.3 • ** Explore expeditious processes to migrate technologies and payloads to be tested in flight • 2.2.2.3 • **Expeditious handling of design upgrades. From a licensing/permit perspective. • How to plan and expeditiously capture changes to avoid delaying licensing • 2.2.2.1 • Study environmental damage to RLVs and RVs due to lightning, ice crystals, etc. • Design guidelines • Consider experimentation for composites RLVs • 2.2.2.3 • * Research the physics and impacts of re-entry debris • 2.2.2 • Analysis for inland landing locations for different stages • Inland parachute landings of stages and re-entry • Investigation of Instrumentation and telemetry. • Active space debris removal

9. Ideas/questions to answer • 2.2.3.2 • Software Testing • Investigate lessons learned from NASA or other agencies in software development • Get cyber security recommendations from other industries • 2.3 • *Study how to facilitate small companies to have access to NASA and FAA test facilities (e.g. test chambers) • Investigate how to use aircraft subsystems in spacecraft • What study or analysis are required? • How to space rate air-breathing engines, avionics? • *Investigate what NASA and FAA do for handling c.g locations for aircraft before flight • How to make this process reliable? • What techniques are used? • How do to use this to process payloads?

10. Research Area 2.3 Hierarchy 2.3.1.1 Real Time Instrumentation Comms / transponders beacons FTS Detection Systems Propellant monitoring Integrated Vehicle Health System/FDIR (Fault Detection Isolation and Recovery) 2.3.2 post Flight Diagnostic Equipment Black Box, life cycle detection 2.3.3 Crew Survivavility (ECLSS) 2.3.4 Additional Safety Critical subsystems/Safety Enabling technologies

11. Ideas/questions to answer • 2.3.1.1-2 • **Analyze which systems can be leveraged from aviation, and identify the type of analysis required • 2.3.1.1 • *Study literature on redundancy for safety critical systems • Guidelines for redundancy levels • With inputs from theme 3, how to improve safety critical systems for manned vehicles • 2.3.1.1 • How can the COE look at migrating these emerging or existing technologies to the spacecraft world. • Identify these technologies and put it on the shelf for RLV/ELVs • Consider self repairing materials • 2.3.1.1 • Consider Fuel system status • 2.3.3 • Provide ECLSS standards/recommendations • Inputs needed • 2.3.1.1 Beacon transponder, navigation inputs needed from theme 1 • 2.3.2 Inputs needed from theme 3

12. Research Area 2.4 Hierarchy Vehicle Crew

13. Ideas/questions to answer • 2.4.1 • * How much information does a developer/operator need to tell the FAA in order to safely fly a payload (leverage work from NASA FOP program)? • For purely commercial, what type of disclosure is required? • Define a standard for cargo vs. scientific/engineering payload • 2.4.3 • Study payload impacts on human/crew safety • How to screen products for use in orbit • List of things that people can be allowed to bring into space (on suborbital tourism flights) • 2.4.4 • *Case study of a generic deployment of a payload on an RLV, and how to do a safety analysis on this • How to deploy a payload? It is safe for the vehicle? • How to isolate the crew from dangerous cargo? • 2.4 Input needed from theme 3

14. Research Area 2.5 Hierarchy Return to flight status after off nominal operation TTS Voluntary mandatory

15. Ideas/questions to answer • 2.5.3 • **Return to flight after off nominal operation-> Develop minimum requirements, guidelines • *Study interoperability of commercial space safety management system with other FAA and TBD agencies • Guidelines for RLVs, ELVs, spaceport operators, etc • *Hazmat template of what toxic materials need to be provided to fire departments to assess resulting fire due to a vehicle crash • What are the potential hazards on the ground due to new materials on a spacecraft? • What are operators needed to provide in emergency situations • Explore technical systems that can scan for aircraft in the operating area • What is the desired resolution • How do we ensure that the air space is clear. • Inputs needed from theme 1 • Guidelines for contingency operations • Off nominal operation protocols to determine what equipment is needed. • What is the desired interaction between the FAA and the vehicle operator to solve problems?

16. Overarching Areas of Concern • Human rating Impact on the payload and vice versa • Area 3 crossover • On orbit aborts (rendezvous and docking) • Technology • Active Space debris removal • OTV technologies (nuclear, other advanced technologies) • Should we develop a set of standard courses for FAA personal doing analysis, and operators, and developers • Workshop with NASA • where does NASA stop, FAA begins on CRS? • Input from theme 1 for NAS integration and space traffic management for technology and payload development

17. Let’s make it happen! Questions? Comments? Concerns?