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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Chapter 46 Section 3. Function of the Respiratory System. -to exchange gases with the cardiovascular system and the environment -Oxygen IN, Carbon Dioxide OUT. capillary. Types of Respiration (3 types).

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System Chapter 46 Section 3

  2. Function of the Respiratory System -to exchange gases with the cardiovascular system and the environment -Oxygen IN, Carbon Dioxide OUT capillary

  3. Types of Respiration (3 types) 1. External Respiration- exchange of gases between the atmosphere and your lungs • Internal Respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and body cells • Cellular Respiration- Oxygen in the cells help breakdown glucose to produce ATP (energy). Carbon Dioxide is produced as a waste product.

  4. Nose • Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates. • Nasal Cavity: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air. • Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways for food and air)

  5. Nose • Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea. • Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’. • Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined.

  6. Nose • Bronchus: 2 tubes that split off from the trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia lined. • Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi. • Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between air and blood (capillaries). HEALTHY HUMAN HAS 300 MILLION ALVEOLI

  7. Taking a Breath CPR works because we don’t ONLY exhale Carbon Dioxide. We exhale a good amount of Oxygen as well -Inspiration: process of inhalingair Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Carbon Dioxide .03% Other gases.97% -Expiration: process of exhalingair Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 16.54% Carbon Dioxide 4.49% Other gases .97% -Lungs have a total capacity of approx 4-5 liters -You normally inhale approx .5 Liters -Exhaling, you have a residual volume of air left in your lungs of about1 Liter

  8. Gas Exchange in the Lungs -Occurs in the alveoli which are surrounded by capillaries. -Oxygen that is inhaled diffuses through alveolar membranes into the capillaries -Carbon dioxide diffuses through the capillaries into the alveolar membranes to be exhaled **Diffusion-substances move from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration

  9. Transport of Oxygen • 95-98% of oxygen that diffuses into the blood moves into the red blood cells • Binds to hemoglobin • Protein that contains 4 iron atoms • Each iron atom can attach to 1 oxygen molecule • At body tissues, oxygen releases from hemoglobin and diffuses across capillaries into tissue cells

  10. Transport of Carbon Dioxide • Concentration of CO2 is higher in cells • Diffuses into blood • 7% dissolves into plasma 23% binds to hemoglobin 70% transported as bicarbonate ions

  11. Breathing

  12. Respiration Control -Rate of breathing controlled by brain and brain stem -monitors levels of CO2 in blood -high levels of CO2 sends message to brain, which tells the diaphragm to breathe faster and deeper - When CO2 levels are back to normal, message is sent to slow down the breathing rate -Brain control centers can be overridden -holding your breath -brain stem takes control and normal breathing resumes

  13. Respiratory Illnesses -Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to an allergic reaction. -Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles. -Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking). -Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe). -Lung Cancer

  14. YAWNING: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVY5ymCkYjc&feature=plcp&context=C3e3e621UDOEgsToPDskLDfWDD2arQ6hfK_2SmPiOR • OVERVIEW: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A&list=UUTh88NOS_QRukozDc_vzznQ&index=8&feature=plcp

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