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School Facilities, Spending, and Learning Levels: Evidence from ASER Pakistan

School Facilities, Spending, and Learning Levels: Evidence from ASER Pakistan. Chengbin Hu & Xiaotao Ran August 2013. Research Questions. How do school facilities affect students’ learning outcomes? How do school spending activities affect students’ learning outcomes?. Expected Results.

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School Facilities, Spending, and Learning Levels: Evidence from ASER Pakistan

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  1. School Facilities, Spending, and Learning Levels: Evidence from ASER Pakistan Chengbin Hu & Xiaotao Ran August 2013

  2. Research Questions • How do school facilities affect students’ learning outcomes? • How do school spending activities affect students’ learning outcomes?

  3. Expected Results

  4. Empirical Strategy

  5. Results – School Facility

  6. Results – School Facility cont.

  7. Results – School Facility cont. School Facilities Vary Greatly by Region

  8. Results – School Facility cont. • Affluent areas have better schools • Islamabad – ICT includes the capital city area, has the highest literacy rate in the country • Balochistan – at eastern board (by Afghanistan & Iran) with low population • School technology facilities are highly correlated with community level • In the village with computer center available, the percentage for the school to have computer lab and internet is twice as high.

  9. Results – School Facility & Learning Outcomes • Basic & book related faculties are the most important for learning outcomes, especially for Math & English

  10. Gov. School Spending Surveyed One Single spending activity will not tell much  Create “ Government Fund Spending Index”

  11. Association between current status of the Input Facility and the funding for the input facility in the school

  12. School year in Pakistan 1st Semester Begins: April 1st Length: 3 months 2nd Semester Begins: Sep. 1st Length: 4 months 3rd Semester: Mid Jan. ~ Early March Source: http://hoshyar.org/students/the-school-year/

  13. Student Learning

  14. Student learning in Three Levels

  15. Student Learning In Level 3 vs. National AverageIn Each Subject

  16. Student Learning by Gov. Fund Index

  17. Limitation • Unlikely to find out if Schools, which have available facilities, spend their government funding In good Strategies. • Difficult to control Household’s Social Economic Status because current survey only asked Yes/No Question.

  18. Recommendations • government funding should be strategically spent to improve on inputs that have shown to have linkages to student learning“ • including a variable on ranges of funds spent in the input category • There is a discrepancy between the status of the facility at the school and the funding source related to that facility

  19. Discussion • School facilities vary a lot by sector and region • Basic and book related facilities are the most important for learning outcomes, even after control for children, household, and community variables • There are a few schools which did not spend Money in good strategies. • More Government Spending Activities result in better students learning ; Overly funding(Index >20) may not necessarily increase their competencies..

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