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Unit 6 The Crisis of the late Middle Ages

Unit 6 The Crisis of the late Middle Ages. The Cause and effects of the Black Death on Western Europe. Black Death / Bubonic Plague. Preconditions in 14 th Century Europe. 3 years of bad harvests, number of livestock down Too many people (pop 2x) Population weakened

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Unit 6 The Crisis of the late Middle Ages

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  1. Unit 6The Crisis of the late Middle Ages The Cause and effects of the Black Death on Western Europe

  2. Black Death / Bubonic Plague

  3. Preconditions in 14th Century Europe • 3 years of bad harvests, number of livestock down • Too many people (pop 2x) • Population weakened • Unsanitary living conditions • Interconnected nature of trade • Travel between cities and to the East

  4. Origins of The Plague • Origins in many areas in the East (killed 35 million in Asia) • China, Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, East Africa • In 1347 the Western Europe sees its first outbreak of the plague in Sicily • Originated in the Black Sea port of Caffa • Brought to Sicily by Genoese merchants

  5. Path of the plague

  6. Science of The Plague • Bacteria Yersinia Pestis • Found in many different strains • Signs of infection included • High fever, Swelling, Nausea, Respiratory failure • Found inside the stomach of the Oriental Rat Flea (X Cheopis) which can jump 220 x its body size • Immunity: Innate and acquired • 3 forms of the plague

  7. Human infection

  8. Bubonic • Most common strain (30% to 75% mortality) • Transmitted by flea bite, Symptoms in 1 – 7 days • Symptoms: headaches, nausea, high Fever • Characteristic Bubos or blackish swelling • Usually in Armpits, neck or groin • Nervous System Failure, Respiratory Failure • Internal hemorrhaging

  9. Pneumonic • Second most commonstrain (usually in Winter) • 90% mortality • Infected lungs caused Severe coughing • Transmission became airborne • Coughing and Spittle in air • Did not spread fast or far (usually abandoned) • Death came more quickly

  10. Septicemic • Rarest form of the plague • 100% mortality • Transmission by insect bite • Bacteria enters bloodstream in such large numbers that it causes an overdose of the bacteria • Immediate symptoms • Death within a day or same day of symptoms • Bubos don’t even have time to form

  11. Remedies, Reactions and Myths • The Jews had poisoned the wells (25:00) • Poison gas had been released • Aromatic amulets • Flight and seclusion • Only the rich • Flagellants • (punish ourselves?) • Hedonists (why not?) • Cats/Comets

  12. Consequences of the Plague • Social/Economic (36:06) • Decline in labor made labor was more valuable • Wealthy saw the value of their land decline • Poor revolted • Religious • People lost faith, clergy and Church failed to provide answers (look to themselves) • Caused the reformation and the Scientific Revolution • Political • Power of nobles reduced (Kings centralized their power)

  13. ...The End...

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