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The Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages. Crisis and Reform. Black Death. Famine of 1315-1317 Weakened population Causes: Bacillus carried by fleas living on fur of rats Forms: bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic Mortality: at least 30% Aftermath: recurrence; challenge to economy, social order. Questions:

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The Late Middle Ages

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  1. The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Reform

  2. Black Death • Famine of 1315-1317 • Weakened population • Causes: Bacillus carried by fleas living on fur of rats • Forms: bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic • Mortality: at least 30% • Aftermath: recurrence; challenge to economy, social order Questions: • How did the mortality affect people’s beliefs? • How did it affect social and economic life? • What was its effect on the treatment of Jews?

  3. Peasant Revolts and Urban Life • Revolts in France, England, and Italy in the 14th century • In the cities: growth in money economy • Relationship between Reformation and the cities? Moeller, Ozment, Brady • Calculus of salvation • What kinds of social conditions lay behind peasant revolts? • Hundred Years’ War in France • What is purgatory, and how did belief in purgatory develop during this period?

  4. Technological advances • Printing press: variety of literature available • Hymns, broadsheets, pamphlets, books • New organization of book production, publication • Mining: coinage and military applications • Luther’s family money came from mining • To what extent was the development of the Reformation dependent on the printing press? • What did people at the time think about this innovation? • Compare to internet • What were some of the social and political effects of the mining boom? • Changes in warfare

  5. Social Tensions • Conflicts between towns and princes, overlords • Church’s exploitation of wealth: indulgences • What were the effects of the profit economy on religious and social life? • Claims of papacy in UnamSanctam

  6. Marsilius of Padua • On what does Marsilius base the power to make law? What role does Aristotle play in his theory? • In what terms does he refer to the pope? What limitations does he place on this individual's authority from the start? • What biblical support does he present for his understanding of the authority of the clergy? • Who has the power to forgive sins? What is the role of the clergy and the sacraments they administer in this process? • What role did Peter play in the primitive church? • Who or what is the legislator, and what is this authority's role? • What role do councils play in the life of the Christian community?

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