AP US History

1. AP US History Chapter 4: Provincial America and the Struggle for a Continent

2. Colonial Expansion • By the 1700s, colonial expansion began to weaken, while population doubled every 25 years • Depended greatly on Britain for imported goods • Began to build colleges to train professionals and clergy after British universities failed to keep up • Distinct difference between regions of the colonies • Lower South depended on slave trade to create a society of planters • Upper South employed slavery, but encouraged family life and better treatment than Lower South • Mid Atlantic colonies attracted huge numbers of Irish and German immigrants • New England shifted from agriculture to shipbuilding

3. Anglicizing the Colonies • Several factors helped the colonies become more British • Printing press: newspapers helped spread the word around the colonies • John Peter Zenger opened the New York Weekly Press after being acquitted of seditious libel in 1735 • Benjamin Franklin created the Pennsylvania Gazette • Enlightenment: shift from a belief of religion being the source of all to a more scientific viewpoint • Professionals: trained lawyers and doctors succeeded in spreading Enlightenment ideals • Georgia: founded in 1733as a utopian experimental colony • Land would be given away, not sold • Ban on alcohol and slavery • Plan to produce silk and wine • Failed when land could not produce desired commodities and colonists demanded alcohol and slave labor

4. The Great Awakening • Religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s in the colonies • Swept the Protestant world during the time • Gave rise to Baptists, Presbyterians and Methodists • Emphasis on personal conversion • Women greatly affected • Several new colleges were formed as a result • Princeton University, Brown University, Rutgers University, Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania • Completely transformed religious life and influence in the colonies

5. War Again… • The 1700s saw a renewal of conflict among the colonial powers of Britain, Spain and France • Stono Rebellion, 1739 • Slave uprising near Charleston, SC • Spurred by Spanish promise of freedom to any slave that made it to Florida • War of Jenkin’s Ear, 1741-42 • Inconclusive fight over Atlantic supremacy between Britain and Spain • King George’s War, 1744-47 • Britain and colonists fight with France and Spain • War ended in 1748 by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, with no side gaining anything

6. The Seven Years’ War • Also known as the French and Indian War • Lasted from 1756-63, fought in Europe and the North American colonies • With war on the horizon, Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan to protect the colonies in 1754 • Known as the Albany Plan of Union • Designed as protection against the Iroquois confederacy • Each colony would send representatives to voice concerns for each colony • Rejected, but became a basis of government during the onset of the War for Independence • Early years of the war were disastrous for the British

7. The Seven Years’ War • Eventually, major French strongholds in North America were taken by the British • Native Americans realized that the British would probably win the war, so they abandoned their support of the French • Culminated in 1760 after Quebec City was taken by the British • Sporadic fighting continued until 1763, with the Spanish entering the war as well, when the Treaty of Paris was signed • All French holdings in North America were turned over to the British • Lands west of the Mississippi River and New Orleans were given to Spain • Florida became a British colony • France retained Martinique and Guadeloupe • Native Americans not involved in the peace process and were enraged by the results