RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH Reconstruction means to : REBUILD

1. Standard 8-5:PART 1The student will understand the impact of Reconstructionon society and politics in South Carolina in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

2. RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH • Reconstruction means to : REBUILD (rebuild the South and bring the NORTH AND SOUTH together once again.) • The Federal Government DID NOT believe it should have the responsibility to rebuild the South. They thought this was the responsibility of STATE governments.

3. Lincoln’s plan to rebuild the South…… 1.) Make each Southern state re-write their state constitution to eliminate slavery. 2.) Give full pardons to all Southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the US and who accepted the freedom of all slaves. 3.) Give Southern state’s back their government as soon as 10% of the population took an oath of allegiance to the US * Lincoln died before his plan could be carried out* 

4. Andrew Johnson was President after him. JOHNSON’S RECONSTRUCTION PLAN 1.) He continued Lincoln's plan…. Especially having 10% of the population take the oath. 2.) Wanted to humiliate the Southern Eliteby making them INDIVIDUALLY REQUEST pardons from him . 3.) Make sure everyone accepted the 13th amendment. (end of slavery)

6. The Republican’s had a stricter plan in mind…… REPUBLICAN’S RECONSTRUCTION PLAN…… 1.) all people involved in the Confederacy could not hold public office 4.) Each state had to approve the 13th Amendment AND the 14th amendment (US citizenship) 5.) The South was divided into 5 military districts. (SC was in the 2nd)

7. The Thirteenth Amendment • Made slavery illegal • All Southern states had to accept this in order to start forming their new governments • This amendment brought a lot of change • “Black Codes” proved that white southerners were unwilling to recognize the social and political rights of newly freed slaves • White reaction- resented former slaves, feared their former slaves would “come after them”, created the KKK.

8. The FoutheenthAmdenment • Recognizing the citizenship of African Americans. (overturned the Dred Scott decision) The Fifteenth Amendment • ALL male citizens could vote. (even black!) * SC still refused to accept the 14th and 15th amendments. The Military required SC to re-write it’s constitution and recognize these amendments. *

10. SC’s economy after the war…. • The Reconstruction policies had little affect on SC’s recovery from the war. • SC’s economy was still based on farming and cotton, but now depended more on sharecropping rather than slavery. • The National government did not help in the rebuilding of the South. • The South remained in an economic depression for awhile….

11. Life of Plantation owners after the war and during Reconstruction • Now had to pay their former slaves • Felt betrayed because their slaves left them. • Resorted to sharecropping. • All their investments in Confederate money was worthless. • All they had was their land • Lost their political control in the South • Turned to violence and intimidation towards African Americans Life of Small Farmersafter the war and during Reconstruction • Felt angry and threatened toward freed slaves • Many were Republicans or “Scalawags”. (more on that later..)

12. Life of Freedman after the war and during Reconstruction • Had to make the greatest adjustment • Had to find jobs…went back to their plantations • Gained the right to vote and hold political office • Many tried to find long, lost family members • Became Republicans • Were sharecroppers

13. Life of Women after the war and during reconstructio • The Rich women had to perform household duties for the 1st time ever • Loss of social status • Some took on non-traditional roles • Could own property in their own name after they were married. • Hoped to gain more rights Life of Northern Immigrants after the war and during Reconstruction • Teachers, missionaries, entrepreneurs • Called “Carpetbaggers” • Became Republicans • Not accepted • Found political and economic opportunities

14. SUCCESS of Reconstruction • Black males could vote • Black males could hold office • Black males held every office in SC, except governor! • Social Service Programs were established, (schools for the deaf and blind) • Public Health Care was improved • Public schools were created….Many former slaves learned to read and write. Colleges were created for African Americans ( Claflin, Benedict College, Allen University, The Avery Institute). The Penn School was created by “The Northern Aid Society”

15. Freedman’s Bureau • Also called “The Bureau of Refugees, Freedman and Abandoned Lands” • Established by Congress BEFORE the end of the Civil War • Assistance to everyone affected by the Civil War. • Under control of the US Army • Provided food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, protection, helped with sharecropping, employment, distributing abandoned land. (even thought some of the land given out had to be taken back..) • Most important contribution: establishing schools (over 1,000)

16. FAILURES of Reconstruction • Raised taxes • White Southerners battled against the Republican party (Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, Freedmen) • White South Carolinas refused to participate in the new state government • The KKK, The Riflemen, The Red Shirts wee created and harassed, intimidated, and murdered African Americans.

17. The End of Reconstruction • Ended with violence • Hamburg Massacre- took place in Aiken County. 6 black militia members were killed by a white mob. • This incident created a white campaign to “redeem SC’s government”. • White Democrats (“Red Shirts”), led by former Confederate Wade Hampton, arranged a campaign of violence, fraud, and intimidation in order to win the governor election of 1876. • President Hayes was elected the new president of the US • US troops were taken out of SC. (and other southern states) • African Americans were left to fend for themselves….

18. TIME FOR A TEST!!!