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Cnidaria Anthozoa More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa No medusa stage

Anthopleura xanthogrammica. Cnidaria Anthozoa More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa No medusa stage Polyps more complex than in other classes Gut contains septa to add surface area for digestion of prey Passive suspension feeders and predators Solitary forms

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Cnidaria Anthozoa More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa No medusa stage

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  1. Anthopleura xanthogrammica • Cnidaria • Anthozoa • More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa • No medusa stage • Polyps more complex than in other classes • Gut contains septa to add surface area for digestion of prey • Passive suspension feeders and predators • Solitary forms • Sea anemones – polyps may be very large • Colonial forms • Corals • Stony corals – branching and doming (massive) - Some build reefs in tropics • Soft corals • Precious corals – Protein skeleton + spicules • Gorgonians (sea whips, sea fans) – Tough protein skeleton • Sea pens – No skeleton • Sea pansies – No skeleton; some bioluminescent

  2. Branching Corals Doming Corals

  3. Soft Corals Precious Corals

  4. Anthopleura xanthogrammica • Cnidaria • Anthozoa • More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa • No medusa stage • Polyps more complex than in other classes • Gut contains septa to add surface area for digestion of prey • Passive suspension feeders and predatorsolitary forms • Sea anemones – polyps may be very large • Colonial forms • Corals • Stony corals – branching and doming (massive) - Some build reefs in tropics • Soft corals • Precious corals – Protein skeleton + spicules • Gorgonians (sea whips, sea fans) – Tough protein skeleton • Sea pens – No skeleton • Sea pansies – No skeleton; some bioluminescent

  5. Gorgonians (Sea Whips)

  6. Gorgonians (Sea Fans)

  7. Anthopleura xanthogrammica • Cnidaria • Anthozoa • More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa • No medusa stage • Polyps more complex than in other classes • Gut contains septa to add surface area for digestion of prey • Passive suspension feeders and predators • Solitary forms • Sea anemones – polyps may be very large • Colonial forms • Corals • Stony corals – branching and doming (massive) - Some build reefs in tropics • Soft corals • Precious corals – Protein skeleton + spicules • Gorgonians (sea whips, sea fans) – Tough protein skeleton • Sea pens – No skeleton • Sea pansies – No skeleton; some bioluminescent

  8. Sea Pens

  9. Anthopleura xanthogrammica • Cnidaria • Anthozoa • More species than Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa • No medusa stage • Polyps more complex than in other classes • Gut contains septa to add surface area for digestion of prey • Passive suspension feeders and predators • Solitary forms • Sea anemones – polyps may be very large • Colonial forms • Corals • Stony corals – branching and doming (massive) - Some build reefs in tropics • Soft corals • Precious corals – Protein skeleton + spicules • Gorgonians (sea whips, sea fans) – Tough protein skeleton • Sea pens – No skeleton • Sea pansies – No skeleton; some bioluminescent

  10. Sea Pansies

  11. Cnidaria • Cubozoa • Sea wasps, Box jellyfish • Small medusae • Life cycles poorly known; include polyp stage • Highly toxic • Eat fishes, worms, arthropods

  12. Ctenophora • Comb jellies • Exclusively marine (100 species) • Radial symmetry • Eight rows of ciliary combs • Used for swimming video • Carnivorous • Lack nematocysts • Capture prey with sticky colloblasts • May occur in swarms • Heavy predators on plankton, including fish larvae • Body forms • Tentaculate – Planktivores • Lobate - Ctenophorivores

  13. Ctenophora • Comb jellies • Exclusively marine (100 species) • Radial symmetry • Eight rows of ciliary combs • Used for swimming • Carnivorous • Lack nematocysts • Capture prey with sticky colloblasts • May occur in swarms • Heavy predators on plankton, including fish larvae • Body forms • Tentaculate – Planktivores • Lobate - Ctenophorivores

  14. Pleurobrachia Tentaculate Beroe Lobate

  15. Worms • Body shape very common in invertebrates • Especially in mobile invertebrates • Flexibility • Maneuverability • Bilateral Symmetry** • Cephalization • “Head” end with • Accumulation of nerve tissue (“brain”) • Sensory structures • Anterior – Posterior • Dorsal - Ventral • Left - Right

  16. Fig. 7.12

  17. Platyhelminthes • Flatworms - Dorsoventrally flattened • Simplest bilaterally symmetrical organisms • First organs and organ systems** • Central nervous system • Simple “brain” coordinates muscle movements • Incomplete digestive system • Mouth but no anus • Similar to Cnidaria and Ctenophora • Mesoderm** • Cell layer between endoderm and ectoderm • Gives rise to muscles, reproductive system

  18. Platyhelminthes • Turbellaria • Mostly free-living carnivorous species • Most commonly seen (Why?) • Some live as commensal animals inside other invertebrates (oysters, crabs, etc.)

  19. Platyhelminthes • Trematoda (Flukes) • Most species (6000) • Parasitic – Feed on tissues, blood, gut contents • Complex life cycles • Adults live in vertebrate host (fish, whale, bird) • Larvae may inhabit invertebrates (intermediate hosts) • Vertebrate eats intermediate host (clam, snail, etc.) • Cestoda (Tapeworms) • Parasitic • Live in vertebrate intestines • Head attaches to intestine wall with suckers or hooks • Gutless – absorb nutrients through body wall • May reach 50 feet!! (sperm whales)

  20. Nemertea • Ribbon worms • Cosmopolitan • Most common in shallow, temperate regions • Complete digestive tract** • Mouth and anus • Circulatory system** • Use long, fleshy proboscis to capture prey • Feed on crustaceans and worms • May be cryptic or conspicuous • Can reach 30 m in length!!

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