Daniel Clavijo Harrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne

1. East Asia – Economics. Society. Politics. 1600-1750 Daniel Clavijo Harrison Nguyen Bjorn Bourne

2. Ming to Qing China • Economic Changes • Political Changes • Social Changes

3. Essential Question How did isolationist policies affect Ming to Qing China and Tokugawa Japan socially, politically, and economically? What events in the past shape how a country’s people are today?

4. Economic Changes • China had a farming economy • Trade reached the South China Sea under the Ming • Early Qing economy flourished • Rewards were issued for land cultivation • Taxes were reduced under the Qing

5. Economic Changes • Rice hybrids were created • Trade within China grew • Trade = wealthy merchants • Money was found as coins or paper • Bulky coins caused the creation of banks

6. Economic Changes • The Grand Canal connected Beijing to Southern China. • Misconception: Chinese government controlled trade • The government controlled salt trade.

7. Economic Changes The Tokugawa and the Qing both saw commercial increase from merchants and peasant work to currency and banking. Qing trading was more lenient than Tokugawa.

8. Political Changes • 1636- Manchus establish Qing dynasty • Use of Ming government • Soldiers were assigned posts to maintain order • Qing gained lands as part of their empire • Missionaries were accepted and hired

9. Political Changes • Didn’t solve the problems of common people • Influences on rule: • Beijing captured by bandits • Western colonization • Natural disaster

10. Society… of Qing China Hereditary status groups • Ranged from the descendants of imperial • line to “mean people” • Occupations were hereditary • banner men • brewer men • dyers • doctors • navigators • Daoist priests passed their jobs down to • at least one son in generation.

11. Society… of Qing China Second time the whole of China is ruled by foreigners—Manchu Manchus maintained domination over Chinese by preserving their own identity • Home visits • Restrict documents from Chinese • No inter-marriage Change in dress code… • Men must shave hair and wear queues with Manchu • clothing • Women no longer bind feet • However, Qing allowed growth and decoration of • fingernails • Impossible to enforce, withdrawn in 1668

12. Society… of Qing China Social Mobility • it was possible for “a peasant boy to become the first • scholar in the land” • stressed education and hard work • motivated households • upward mobility Change in attitude • money becomes the indicator of status • Chinese elite join Qing state to propagate traditional • values and behavior • morality books tied virtuous behavior to concrete rewards • educational success • high office • sons

13. Society… of Qing China Renaissance? • time of peace in the ascension of Qing Dynasty • allowed for revival of arts and learning • renaissance-like effect • repaired public works • essays, novels, pamphlets, books, scriptures • art • plays • “Story of the Stone” Family • jia • basic unit of production and consumption in Chinese society • kin by blood, marriage, or adoption • patriarchal • the foundation of roles that were essential in the Confican • vision of a morally correct society

14. Tokugawa Japan • Economic Changes • Political Changes • Social Changes

15. Economic Changes • Japan cut-off trade with Europe • Dutch merchants confined to Nagasaki • Towns built near road • Daimyô travelled the roads • Daimyô had to visit residencies in Edo

16. Economic Changes • Most daimyô income went to towns • Daimyô castle = major city • Peasants switched to commercial farming • Wealth was measured in koku • 1 Koku = approximately 5 bushels of rice

17. Economic Changes • Money began circulating • Rise of money = rise of merchants • Textiles and sake became popular • Banks loaned to samurai and daimyô • Merchants learned financial skills

18. Political Changes • 1603- beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate • Balance between tozama, fudai, and shimpan • 1635- successful system of domains established • Uncommon class structure • Christianity was banned

19. Political Changes • Failed fiscal reform • Influences on actions: • Fear of loss of power • Spread of Christianity in Asia • Daimyô and samurai face financial hardship

20. Political Changes • End of Tokugawa Shogunate: • Peasant uprisings and samurai unrest • Financial problems • Advencement of western colonies

21. Society… of Tokugawa Japan Kabuki Class System Samurai Shinto Family

22. Discussion Questions • Do you believe it was wise for Japan to practice extreme isolationism? Why or why not? • How might Japan be different had these policies not existed? • Was China’s decision to accept missionaries a sign of little national identity or a political move. • Do you believe the Tokugawa Shogunate was a more effective government than the Qing Dynasty? Why or why not?

23. Primary Source - Example of the Tokugawa’s measures for isolation The Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate: Excerpts from The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan: Addressed to the Joint Bugyō of Nagasaki 1. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries. 2. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority. 3. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death. 4. If there is any place where the teachings of padres (Christianity) is practiced, the two of you must order a thorough investigation. … 7. If there are any Southern Barbarians (Westerners) who propagate the teachings of padres, or otherwise commit crimes, they may be incarcerated in the prison maintained by the Ōmura domain, as was done previously. … 10. Samurai are not permitted to purchase any goods originating from foreign ships directly from Chinese merchants in Nagasaki. …

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