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Pulses or legumes

Pulses or legumes. Peas and Beans. Fabaceae. Second most important family for humans A combination of grain and pulses is seen in major civilization Barley and lentils; rice and soybeans; corn and beans Fabaceae is diverse and has about 16,000 species

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Pulses or legumes

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  1. Pulses or legumes Peas and Beans

  2. Fabaceae • Second most important family for humans • A combination of grain and pulses is seen in major civilization • Barley and lentils; rice and soybeans; corn and beans • Fabaceae is diverse and has about 16,000 species • Common features are the flowers and fruits (a legume)

  3. Fabaceae • Three subfamilies • Faboideae – main source of pulses (Dried seeds) • Caesalpinoidae – tamarind and carob • Plants have root nodules • increases the nutrients of the soil • More protein in the fruits • Non-protein amino acids (some toxic) • Good rotation crop

  4. Nutrients • Protein: CHO: fat: fiber are 20:70:8:4 percent. • Protein: lack Met and cysteine and some sulfur containing amino acids • CHO: raffinose and stachyose series. Hard to digest, flactulence. Alpha –galactosidase from Aspergillas. • Fat has unsaturated fatty acids; hihgest in peanuts

  5. Nutrients • Non-protein amino acids • Some have anti-nutritional factor • Protease inhibitor • Isoflavone • Dissolve fiber

  6. Lentils • Lens culinaris –Shape of eye lens. 25% proteins, 60% CHO, less than 1% fat vit A &B abd calcium • Middle East between 8000-9000years ago • Domesticated • Has most digestible and most commonly eaten pulse

  7. Peas • Pisum sativum • Near East and Europe, 8000 – 9500 years old but not sure whether grow or gathered. • Brought ot New world by Columbus • Eaten fresh • Chinese snow peas has low fiber and selected 17th century • Sugar snap peas – recent 1979

  8. Broad beans • Vicia faba: mainly hog feed • Middle East origin • Favism: hemolytic anemia; due to defective gene; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; due to vicine that oxidizes and degrades RBC

  9. Chickpeas • Cicer arietinum: forage has toxic proteins • Near Eastern • Do not like cool climates • Quality and easily digestible proteins

  10. Soy beans • Glycine max: Native of China • High is proteins sulfur containing ones • Isoflavones: genestine; daizein • Phytosterols • Antivitamins; protease inhibitors; cyanogens; saponins

  11. Pigean peas • Cajanus cajan

  12. Black-eye peas • Vigna unguiculata

  13. Lima beans • Phaseolus lunatas/limensis • Lima; kidney or garden beans(P.vulgaris); green or mung beans(P. aureus); blackgram (P.mungo)

  14. Peanuts • Arachis hypogea: pedicles enter the ground for fruit to mature • Unique flowering and fruiting • 45% oils; 20-25% proteins; • South America – origin • Mainly used as roasted seeds; peanut butter and oil

  15. Tamarind and carob • Tamarindus indica • Ceratonina siliqua

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