Lakeshore Modification Index ( LMI )

1. Lakeshore Modification Index (LMI) Monika PETERLIN1, Gorazd URBANIČ1, 2 1Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia e-mail: monika.peterlin@izvrs.si 2University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Dept. of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia Brussels, 12.-13. June, 2012

2. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty • Lakeshore Modification Index: • method for assessing the hydromorphological alterations of the lakeshore; WFD - morphologicalconditions - structure of the lake shore • classification of alterations along the lakeshore and within the nearby catchment area using physical criteria for the assessment; • relates actual impacts of human activities to the response of a lake’s ecosystem revealed by the composition of the benthic invertebrate community

3. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty • Relevantcharacteristicsfordescribing lakehydromorphology From: Guidance standard for assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes (EN 16039) Included in LMI

4. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Assessment section for alterations evaluation Lakeshore Modification Indeks – LMI (Peterlin & Urbanič, Ecohydrology, 2012) Lakeshore region – 100 m Riparian zone – 10 m Shoreline zone Littoral zone – max. 10 m

5. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Assessment section- planform

6. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Scoringofalterations Constructed objects Lakeshore region – 100 m Riparian zone – 10 m Shoreline zone Substratumalteration Zone useintensity Littoral zone – max. 10 m Constructedobjects Waterdepthchange Woodenstructures Substratumalteration Zone useintensity Substratumalteration Zone useintensity Substratumalteration Zone useintensity

7. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Criteria for alterations scoring Extent of altered area Intensity A – Small deviation from the natural conditions, slightly altered shoreline, no detectable impact on biodiversity; B – Moderate alterations, ‘soft’ engineering constructions, detectable impact on biodiversity; C – High level of alteration, detectable impacts on local biodiversity; D – Severe level of alteration, physical disturbance which affects biodiversity, shoreline function as migratory corridor and spawning areas are impaired. E – Severe level of alteration, use of ‘hard’ engineering and land claim, physical disturbance which affects biodiversity, shoreline function as migratory corridor and spawning areas are seriously impaired. - Interaction Matrix Methodology (Canter, 1996) was used

8. Example Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Specification sheetfor pressure ranking, littoral zone Calculationofscore in Littoral zone (j=1) for: Shore fortification, land claim, alteration of water level,wood branches partly removed

9. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Normalization of the zone specific alteration scores Weighting system (AWj) Based on benthicinvertebrateresponse to lakeshorealterations - taxa variability;

10. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Local alteration scoring Lakeshore Modification Index scores for each assessment section ‘i’ Alteration score for entire lake Lakeshore Modification Index – Whole Lake

11. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Classification system

12. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Casestudy - graphicpresentationof Lake Bled

13. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Casestudygraphicpresentations – Lake Bled

14. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Casestudygraphicpresentations – Lake Bled

15. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Case studies– Lake Bohinj and Lake Bled LMIscore= 0.12 LMIclass = 1 LMIscore=0.28 LMIclass = 1 LMIscore= 0.13 LMIclass = 1 LMIscore=0.43 LMIclass = 1 LMIscore=1.05 LMIclass = 2 LMIscore=1.65 LMIclass = 3 LMIscore=1.75 LMIclass = 3 LMIscore=2.75 LMIclass = 4 LMIscore= 2.84 LMIclass = 4 LMIscore= 2.15 LMIclass = 3

16. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Classification resultsLakeshore (% length) Lake Bled LMI-WL=1.59 LMI class = 3 Lake Bohinj LMI-WL=0.64 LMI class = 1

17. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty LMI vs. Number of benthic invertebrate taxa No. of taxa No. of taxa Water depth class Littoral zone alteration Riparian zone alteration Shoreline zone alteration Correlation is bestforthecombinedindex Lakeshore region LMI Peterlin & Urbanič (2012)

18. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty LMI vs. Lake-littoral benthic invertebrate index (LBI) Urbanič et al. (unpublished)

19. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty • Lakeshore Modification Index: • Was developed for natural lakes • Relates human activities to the response of a lake’s ecosystem • Will be tested on HMWB and AWB • LMI is useful for: • effective lake management, • communication to the public (results are easy to understand) • spatial planning and environmental impact assessments of urban development

20. Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Thankyouforyourattention!