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Origin of America’s Government

Origin of America’s Government. 3 Concepts Brought from England. 1) Ordered Gov’t > Structure of political machine > Example: Sheriff, Coroner, Justice of the Peace, Counties, Townships, Etc 2) Limited Gov’t > Gov’t is not all powerful > Magna Carta – people enable the gov’t(…right?)

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Origin of America’s Government

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  1. Origin of America’s Government

  2. 3 Concepts Brought from England 1) Ordered Gov’t > Structure of political machine > Example: Sheriff, Coroner, Justice of the Peace, Counties, Townships, Etc 2) Limited Gov’t > Gov’t is not all powerful > Magna Carta – people enable the gov’t(…right?) 3) Representative Gov’t > People have a voice in gov’t thru representatives > Why use representatives?

  3. Political Timeline • 1643 – New England Confederation • What is a “confederation?” • Main purpose was a protection against the Indians • 1754 – Albany Plan • Ben Franklin's Idea: Use delegates from each colony • Main Purpose was securing trade, protection against French and Indians • 1765 – Stamp Act Congress • “No taxation without representation” • 9 of the 13 Colonies were involved • 1st time the majority stood against the British

  4. Political Timeline, con’t • 1774 – 1st Continental Congress • 12 of the 13 colonies attended (Georgia did not) • Main purpose: response to the Intolerable Acts • 1775 – 2nd Continental Congress • ALL 13 colonies were there • 1st form of National Government • 1776 – Declaration of Independence • Formal documentation that stated the obvious • “We hold these truths…”

  5. The Declaration of Independence • What are the truths that are “self-evident?” • What rights are “inalienable?” • Where does government derive their “just powers?” • Why did the colonist oppose king-appointed and paid judges? • Did the writers really mean ALL MEN are “created equal?”

  6. Probably have a quiz soon 10 questions or so, over the notes…

  7. The Critical Period • The 1st and 2nd Cont. Congresses had no legal base • The 1st attempt to “get something on paper” was the Articles of Confederation • “Rough Draft” of the Constitution • Articles of Confederation created a strong state gov’t and a weak national gov’t

  8. 8 Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation • 1 vote for each state, no matter the size • No taxation at all • No regulation of commerce or trade • No executive branch (president) • No court system • All states must agree for an amendment • 9/13 majority to pass laws • “Firm league of friendship”

  9. Constitutional ConventionMay 1787 • 12 of 13 states show up in Philly (no RI) • 55 guys (average age 42) • These men became known as the “Framers of the Constitution” • The Constitution is sometimes called – “a bundle of compromises” here’s why…

  10. Compromises Representation • New Jersey Plan – representation based on statehood • Virginia Plan – representation based on population • Eventual Settlement – Connecticut Compromise • Bicameral (2 houses): Upper House based statehood known as the Senate, Lower House based on population known as the House of Representatives

  11. Compromises Slavery • 3/5s Compromise • 3 out of every 5 slaves would be counted toward the population • 13th amendment makes this null • Does this make any since?

  12. Compromises Trade • Congress could not tax exports • What are exports? Imports? • Congress could not mess with the slave trade for a minimum of 20 years • Check Point • Name three of the problems with the Articles…

  13. Ratification • The Constitution was completed on Sept 17, 1787 • 39 names signed the document • The document was printed and circulated around the 13 states, so that a debate and ratification could eventually take place. • 9 States were necessary in order for the Constitution to be “official.”

  14. Federalists Favored ratification (liked the Constitution) James Madison & Co. Stressed the weaknesses of the Articles Stronger Central Gov’t Anti-Federalists Against Ratification Patrick Henry & Co. Stressed the weakness of the Constitution Stronger State Gov’t Wanted Bill of Rights Two Groups Evolve Quick Review What are the 3 compromises that were necessary to get a Constitution out to the people?

  15. Ratification Process • ___ were needed to ratify. Anybody? • By June 1788 they had the nine needed states • Still they waited to make it official…why, you ask… • Because New York and Virginia had not passed it • What’s the big deal about these two states? • By July of 1788 these two made the total 11 of the 13

  16. Couple of other things… • James Madison – Father of the Constitution • In order to get the state of New York to ratify - The Federalist Papers were circulated (Hamilton, Madison, Jay) • George Washington elected in April 1789

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