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The Evolution of Cuba: From Colonial Rule to Communism and Reform

Explore the complex history of Cuba from its days as a Spanish colony to gaining independence and its transformation under Fidel Castro's communist regime. The nation faced numerous challenges, including economic hardships and political repression. Following the Cuban Revolution and significant events like the Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuba's relationship with the US deteriorated, leading to decades of embargoes. With Raul Castro at the helm, hopes for economic reform emerged, resembling China’s economic policies. Understand Cuba's struggles and aspirations for the future.

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The Evolution of Cuba: From Colonial Rule to Communism and Reform

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Cuba: Hatred Close to Home By: Isaac S.

  2. Economy of Today • GDP as of 2008: $62.7 Billion • GDP per Capita: $5,596 • $.9968 per Cuban Peso as of January 2011

  3. A Long Time Ago… • Cuba was once a part of Spain • After the Spanish-American war(Treaty of Paris 1898), Cuba was no longer a part of Spain. • Given to United States • Cuba gained independence from US on May 20th, 1902

  4. Some Struggle • Most of their economy focused on Agricultural exports.(Sugar = Major) • Great Depression hurt(Who wants sugar?) • Drastic Economic Regulation Expansions led to unemployment.

  5. One After the Other • Constitutional government suspended in 1930 by Machado. Commies sided with him during strikes. • September 1933: Government Restored • 1956: Fidel Castro prepares for Revolution

  6. Finally, Some Commies! • January 8th, 1959: Fidel’s troops entered the scene • Another Movement on 26th worked out. • Fidel Castro became Prime Minister • Osvaldo was President from July 1959 to 1976

  7. Rather Fast “Progression” • Within one year, private property was abolished. • Closed down mafia-controlled gambling industry • Tightened Control • United States not happy about this. • 1960-1961: CIA worked with Chicago Mafia to assassinate Fidel Castro

  8. Health Care in Cuba • Before 1959 revolution: • Highly trained doctors in healthcare • However, only in prosperous cities. • 8% had access to health care • After the revolution: • Universal Health Care priority • Eventually succeed • Free Polyclinics, Medical Care, Hospital Care, even Dental Care by 1967 • However, disease became rampant and many Cuban Doctors left(about 3000/6300) because of Communism

  9. Little Over the Top • One Party Communist rule • By end of 1960… • All Tv and Radio stations controlled by State • Moderate teachers and professors purged • 20,000 dissenters imprisoned per year • Homosexuals, some religious practitioners and other people needing “Re-education” were sent to labor camps • Approximately 15,000 died in labor camps

  10. US Retaliation • 1961: Bay of Pigs invasion • Plan: • Create a group of Cuban opposition outside of Cuba • Create mass intelligence communications throughout Cuba in secrecy • Gather intelligence in Cuba in preparation • Invade

  11. Didn’t Go So Well… • Reality: • Cuba knew an invasion was going to happen • Acts of terrorism on bridges and such occurred, hoping to make it look like Cubans were the perpetrators. • American B-26 planes used, but the different noses of the planes caused the failure in their ploy. • Cuba ready for actual invasion, sunk Command Vessel “Maropa” and supply ship “Houston”. • Soviets came to Cuban aid, warning President Kennedy • Air Support never arrived because of this • Complete failure

  12. Everyone is Dissapoint • America furious with Bay of Pigs invasion • Soviets not to happy • Cuba obviously pissed • CIA heavily criticized(despite Kennedy taking the blame publicly) • Even Kennedy blamed them for their incompetence • 1,189 people involved in invasion arrested • Had to pay $53 million in Food and Medicine to free them

  13. Whatever Victory We Can Manage • 1961: Embargo on Cuban goods • Kept progressing until 1993, when the majority wanted it to end • Progress towards end continued until 2007, when travel between Cuba and US became possible (further progress intended) • Travel ban • Trade ban • Money to relatives ban • Ineffective against the government, harmful towards the citizens

  14. Quite a Step Forward • After Soviet Collapse, Cuba had to deal with food shortages, but wouldn’t take American donations until 1993 • By 2008, Raul Castro took Fidel Castro’s place • Raul had been working as the leader for some time before this • In 2009, Raul removed some of Fidel’s officials. • Hopefully will stray from communism

  15. Looking Hopeful • United States will only remove all sanctions with Cuba if they are no longer communist. • Fortunately, Raul has planned around 300 economic reforms similar to China’s in hopes to slowly stop being communist.

  16. Works Cited • http://www.medicc.org/ns/index.php?s=11&p=0 • http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/baypigs/pigs.htm • http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/embargo.htm • http://www.walterlippmann.com/cubanconstitution.html

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