ON ASPECTS OF TENSILE STRUCTURES ANALYSIS

1. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 ON ASPECTS OF TENSILE STRUCTURES ANALYSIS Andrzej Ambroziak M.Sc. Paweł Kłosowski D.Sc., Assoc. Prof.

2. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Introduction – parts of presentation Typical tension roof shapes Examples of tension roofs Choice of materials- technical fabrics Material modelsof technical fabrics Example of numerical calculation

3. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Typical tension roof shapes hyper crescent ridgle and valley saddle

4. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Examples of tension roofs Ashford shopping centre Millennium Dome Seville station

5. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Forest Opera Sopot Połczyn-Zdrój open-air theatre

6. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Choice of materials- technical fabrics What is the technical fabrics ? threads net + coating

7. Material modelsof technical fabrics LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Micro-mechanical model [Nayfeh and Kress] 1 Non-orthogonal model [Xue, Peng, Cao] 3 Pseudo-continuum model [Kuwazuru] 2 Dense net model [Branicki & Kłosowski] 4 1Nayfeh A.H., Kress G.R.: Non-linear constitutive model for plain-weave composites. Elsevier, Composities Part B, Vol. 28 (1997), pp. 627–634. 2Kuwazuru O., Yoshikawa N.: Pseudo-continuum Model for Structural Analysis of Plain-Weave membranes. International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures, Barcelona – Spain, 2003, pp. 335–340. 3Xue P., Peng X., Cao J.: A non-orthogonal constitutive model for characterizing woven composites. Elsevier, Composities Part A, Vol. 34 (2003), pp. 183–193. 4Branicki Cz., Kłosowski P.: Statical analysis of hanging textile membranes in nonlinear approach [in Polish], Archives of Civil Engineering, Vol. 29 (1983), pp. 189–220.

8. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Example of numerical calculation roof surface equation

9. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Restaurant at the Great Canyon (USA) edge - 1997

10. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 initial configuration static loading dead-weight loading initial pre-tensions operational configuration dynamic loading wind loading

11. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Pre-tension forces in initial configuration

12. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Dynamic loading– wind loading Assumptions: windX- along X axis windY- along Y axis

13. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Wind loading – nodal force - pressure value - nodal force - reduction coefficient dependent on element normal vector slope - number of nodes - actual elament area

14. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Wind loading functions: A)reduction coefficient B)pressure value

15. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Description of applied program - MSC.Marc • introducing into the MSC.Marc system • dense net model >>> HOOKLW* • wind loading >>> FORCEM* • four-node isoparametric membrane element • LARGE DISP parameter + small strain * Users handbook: MSC.MARC Volume D: User Subroutines and Special Routines, Version 2003. MSC.Software Corporation 2003.

16. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Dynamic calculation – assumptions • free vibrations • implicit nonlinear integration Newmark algorithm integration time step

17. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Selection of integration time step

18. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Middle point deflections under wind lading

19. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Horizontal displacement under wind loading

20. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Warp and weft forces

21. LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Conclusion • In spite of significant vertical displacements, during wind blast,thechange of values of the threads forces is relatively small. • To predict real structure behaviour it is still necessary to include damping effects in the calculations. It is connected with the tunnel tests.

22. THE END LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES in CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR of IASS POLISH CHAPTER Częstochowa, 3 December, 2004 Thank you for your attention ! Andrzej Ambroziak M.Sc. Paweł Kłosowski D.Sc., Assoc. Prof.