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Unraveling Endocrine System & Genetics Connection

Explore the interplay between endocrine glands and genetics, from pituitary control to adrenal responses. Dive into hormone vs. neurotransmitter functions, twin genetics, and nature versus nurture debates. Discover more on how traits are inherited or learned.

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Unraveling Endocrine System & Genetics Connection

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  1. Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

  2. Endocrine Glands • Second messenger system that carries information to and from the brain. What’s the first? • Sends chemical messages (hormones) through the blood and other fluid systems • Hormones can travel anywhere in the body but are only received at the site they affect (the organ) • Also called ductless glands • Know the functions of each endocrine gland (page 172)!!!!!!!!!

  3. What does each gland do? • Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus • Pituitary = “master” gland • Controls output of hormones from the other glands • Hypothalamus = watch dog • Monitors hormone levels in the blood and sends signals to correct imbalances • Thyroid Gland • Produces the hormone thyroxine • Too little thyroxine= lazy & lethargic • Too much thyroxine = overactivity, lose weight and sleep • Adrenal Glands • Become active when you are angry or frightened • Release epinephrine and norepinephrine (aka adrenaline and noradrenaline) • Raise in heartbeat and breathing rate • Heighten emotions of fear / anxiety • Also release cortical steroids • Help muscles develop • Tell liver to release stored sugar for emergencies • Sex glands • Testes and ovaries • Testosterone in men= growth of muscle, bones, development of male characteristics • Estrogen/ Progesterone in women= regulate reproductive cycle, and development of female characteristics

  4. Hormone vs Neurotransmitter • Ex. Norepinephrine • Hormone= released into the bloodstream • Neurotransmitter= released directly next to the cell it is affecting • Timing • Neurotransmitters = thousandths of a second • Hormones = can take up to minutes

  5. Heredity and Environment(Nature vs Nurture) • Heredity- genetic transmission from parents to offspring • Genes- the basic building blocks of heredity. • Twins • Identical twins- came from 1 fertilized egg (Monozygotic) genetically identical • Fraternal twins- 2 separate eggs were fertilized. Genes are no more similar than brothers or sisters. • What happens when identical twins are separated at birth and raised in two different environments? • Is athletic ability learned or inherited? • Can it be learned?

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