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Turn of the Century imperialism 1877-1914

Ms. Jerome. Turn of the Century imperialism 1877-1914. Map of the World in 1914. Imperialism:. A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. 1861-1865. Preoccupied. Why Imperialism?.

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Turn of the Century imperialism 1877-1914

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  1. Ms. Jerome Turn of the Century imperialism 1877-1914

  2. Map of the World in 1914

  3. Imperialism: A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

  4. 1861-1865 Preoccupied

  5. Why Imperialism? • Why do you think America sought options abroad at the turn of the century?

  6. 1. Commercial/Business Interest— overseas markets • Exporting manufactured goods • Exporting agricultural products • Expand or explode! • Booming increase of population, wealth, industrial production

  7. 1. Continued • America’s GDP—the total value of goods and services—quadrupled between 1870 and 1900. • American farmers: • Farmers depended on supply and demand • Farmers always needed their products to be in demand • Foreign markets would supply constant buyers to American surplus

  8. 2. Military/Strategic Interests • With imperialism comes power • America sought to locate forces around the world—extend beyond borders for military reasons

  9. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking A hierarchy of race

  10. 4. Religious/Missionary Intentions • To spread religion. • “Christianize” heathens • “Civilized” Christian cultures spread their way of life to “lesser” cultures • Early advocate: Reverend Josiah Strong (pictured) • An attempt to mute criticism of the economic motives behind the adoption of an imperialist policy • Noneconomic justification for expansion

  11. 5. Closing the American Frontier • Frederick Jackson Turner • “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1920) • Turner’s belief that territorial expansion promotes social, economic, and political stability.

  12. Notes on American Territorial Acquisitions before the Spanish-American War

  13. Hawaii

  14. Hawaii • An independent nation • Sugarcane attracted American planters • 1875 Treaty—gave Hawaii sugar duty-free entry into the American market • Declared the island off limits to the other powers • 1887 treaty—gave U.S. naval rights at Pearl Harbor

  15. Hawaii cont’d • The McKinley Tariff of 1890 increased average tariff rate for imports to the U.S. at 48.4%-- tariffs protect manufacturing. • However, it also abruptly ended Hawaii’s access to American market$ • Sugar planters began to plot an American takeover of the islands so that Hawaiian sugar would be treated as a domestic product.

  16. Hawaii • January, 1893: Led a coup over the kingdom of Hawaii • July 6, 1898, after approval from the House and Senate, Hawaii as a U.S. territory.

  17. Alaska • 1867 the U.S. purchased Alaska from Imperial Russia for 7.2 million $$$ CHEAP! • Russia—anxious to unload baron wasteland • Secretary of State Seward (an expansionist) • “Seward’s Folly”

  18. What does Alaska give the U.S.

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