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BATS

BATS. Flying Mammalian Resources. Jim Goodbar Senior Cave and Karst Resources Specialist Bureau of Land Management May 12-16, 2014 Cody, Wyoming. This presentation was modified from a 2007 D. Kampwerth’s original. Order Chiroptera. Suborder Megachiroptera Family Pteropodidae

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BATS

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  1. BATS Flying Mammalian Resources Jim Goodbar Senior Cave and Karst Resources Specialist Bureau of Land Management May 12-16, 2014 Cody, Wyoming This presentation was modified from a 2007 D. Kampwerth’s original

  2. Order Chiroptera • Suborder Megachiroptera • Family Pteropodidae • 42 genera • 166 species Old World fruit and nectar feeding bats.

  3. Order Chiroptera • Suborder Microchiroptera • 16 families • 135 genera • 759 species • Diet includes insects, small vertebrates, blood, fruit, nectar, and pollen. • Includes the bats we encounter

  4. Bat Facts • Nearly 1000 species of bats, almost ¼ of all mammal species • Approximately 47 species in N. America • Smallest weighs < a penny (Bumblebee bat) • Largest weighs 3 pounds (Flying Fox) • Little Brown Bats lives 34 years • Brazilian freetails forage 2 miles high

  5. Bat Facts Continued • One bat eats 3000+ insects a night • Bats tolerate temps from 23F-122F • 20 million freetails eat 200 tons nightly • Thanks for the tequila; pollinators • Bats see well • <1/2 of 1% population has rabies

  6. Bats in Decline • Of the 47 species, more than ½ are in decline or already endangered. • Seven are listed as endangered; with others being considered • Status of many unknown

  7. Causes for Decline • Disturbance at Hibernacula and Maternity roosts (MAJOR) • Pesticides • Disruptions of foraging and migration routes (Wind Turbines) • Cave alterations (Guano mining, entrance mod., poor bat gates) • Predation; at gates/ during flight • Over harvest for food (tropical) • White Nose Syndrome

  8. Bat Biology • High frequency sound emits at 0-200 per second (echolocation) • Used for obstacle avoidance and prey detection • Forage on the fly • One pup per year • Maternity, Bachelor, Hibernacula, and Transient Colonies • Affinity for roost sites

  9. Considerations • Know your local bats; through research or local experts • Seasonal or year round residents • Sexual status at summer roosts • Objective of study; Spec., Pop. est., movement, genetics, other • Cave, mine, tree, building dependent • WNS

  10. Capture methods • Follow state and federal guidelines and permitting for capture and handling • Hand pick • Mist nets • Harp traps • Trip lines • Other

  11. Survey Methods • Echolocation detectors- combine detectors and netting to improve efficiency • Arm bands -- Plastic vs. metal • Telemetry; <5% body mass • Torbot bonding cement • Light sticks

  12. Monitoring • Light Loggers • Temp/Humidity Loggers • Laser Temp. recorder • Binoculars- tall ceilings • Red light vs. not • AnaBat • Sonabat • Song Meter

  13. Population Estimates • Visual estimates (sq. ft.) • Outflight; night vision goggles • IR Photography • Guano pile measurement- shortly after bats leave • Other

  14. Frequency of Survey • Not too often unless monitoring for impacts • Every two years, by recovery plan, local expert advice, or WNS Plan • Annually, if exit counts • Never during maternity season! If necessary: after adults have left for the evening

  15. Protection Methods • Cave closure with signage • Education/Outreach • If all else fails: BAT GATES/FENCES • Use standard bat gate design (BCI, ACCA) • 5.75 inch spacing, horizontal bars far apart, expanded metal foundation • Use site specific designs

  16. Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

  17. Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris curasoae)

  18. Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum)

  19. Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

  20. Brazilian Free-tailed bat pups

  21. Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida braziliensis)

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