1 / 64

Phoenicians

Phoenicians. History of Lebanon. 2 Centuries after Hammurabi’s reign, Babylonian empire fell to Nomadic Warriors Fertile Crescent broke into small kingdoms New people moved into the regions. Phoenician Location. P resent day Lebanon 33.50º North 35.50º East Popular cities: Tyre

oceana
Télécharger la présentation

Phoenicians

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Phoenicians

  2. History of Lebanon • 2 Centuries after Hammurabi’s reign, Babylonian empire fell to Nomadic Warriors • Fertile Crescent broke into small kingdoms • New people moved into the regions

  3. Phoenician Location • Present day Lebanon • 33.50º North • 35.50º East • Popular cities: • Tyre • Byblos • Sidon

  4. Geography • Narrow coastal planes • Beeka Valley separates • Borders Israel & Syria

  5. Climate • Mediterranean • Mild to cool • Wet winters • Dry, hot summers • Mountains  heavy rain & snow

  6. Resources • Snails - most valuable dye • 60,000 snails to 1 pound • Cedar trees- hard, usable wood

  7. Wealth from Trade • Purple dye • Cedar trees

  8. Relying on Trade Cedar is other valuable resource Relied on Trade Traded goods from other lands • Own colonies too Competed with other city-states Interacted through trade

  9. Excellence in Sailing Desired trade Traveled Mediterranean Coasts Narrow, single sailed vessels with longs oars

  10. Colonies 1100-700 BCE, founded trading colonies 300 cities in Africa’s Med. Coast • Carthage was greatest

  11. The Alphabet Only 22 symbols First appeared around 900 BCE Passed on to other cities Many common people could master Literacy became widespread

  12. Culture • Shared & collected ideas • Purple dye for royalty • Based on trade & ships • Alphabet

  13. Technology & Tools • Boats: single-sailed vessels with long oars • Alphabet: started with the Phoenicians • Weapons, cloth, wine, slaves, glass, and ivory

  14. Peace and War • Peaceful society • Focused on trade

  15. Law & Order • Hierarchy Status • “Kings and Priests still had much more power of the trades.” • Alphabet & Laws

  16. Social Status • King + Priests • Wealthy Commoners • Free Commoners • Slaves • Typical Social Status

  17. Summary • Most powerful traders in Mesopotamia area • Invented alphabet • Started the importance of sailing • Created the royal purple color

  18. Fun Facts • Purple dye- made from the squeezing of 60,000 smelly snail glands • Traded- anything and everything believed valuable • “Later, Carthage rivaled Rome in power.”

  19. Location • Phoenicia was centered in the north of ancient Canaan • It was a coastal area along the Mediterranean Sea • Modern Day Lebanon, Syria, Palestinian Territories and Israel

  20. Important cities • Arvad • Byblos • Berytus • Sidon • Tyre • Caesarea • Tripoli • Baalbek • Carthage

  21. Government • Individual city-states • Each city-state had an independent government • The king, the temple priests, and the council of wealthy merchants were the main sources of power

  22. religion • They worshipped gods and goddesses sacred to specific city-states • Each god and goddess represented a different aspect of life

  23. FAMILY LIFE • The men had control over the family • Men could sell their wives or the children to pay off debts • Women were held high in the family • Only priests and scribes could read and write

  24. Economic system • They had a trade-based economy • Their main good was a purple dye derived from snails found on the Tyre island • Due to the dye’s scarcity and the time in which it took to make, it became very expensive

  25. Economic system • They established trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast • They also traded: • Wine • Glass • Timber • Olive oil • Precious metals

  26. Social classes

  27. Cultural Development • Spoke a Semitic language • A seagoing culture where trade was the center of civilization • Were skilled architects • Wealthy trading towns whose centers were the temples

  28. City Structure • Urban, small trading towns along the Mediterranean coast • Temple was the center of the city • Built buildings up to 6 stories high

  29. Rights of slaves • Laws protected slaves from mistreatment • Slaves could earn their own money, purchase property, and own their own freedom • A freed slave could reach high office in the community

  30. Rights of women • No evidence of polygamy • In the case of divorce, the woman was given her possessions • Had fundamental rights • Women could press charges, make trading contracts, invest in trading, and adopt heirs

  31. Technology • The Phoenician Empire had many advancements in: • shipbuilding • pottery • iron-working • literature • alphabet

  32. Phoenician alphabet • First appeared around 900 B.C. • Made an alphabet with 22 symbols • The Greeks adopted the alphabet and added 4 symbols

  33. Human-environment interactions • Phoenicia’s location on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea enabled trade with other coastal regions • Also, Phoenicia’s lack of natural resources encouraged its people to trade goods for necessary items

  34. COOPERATION • Phoenicians were never interested in conquest • They focused on autonomy and trade • Became the naval and trading power in the region

  35. cooperation • The Phoenicians initial trading partners were the Greeks • Established strategic commercial trading outposts • They chose peace over war but were defensive

  36. CONFLICT • They were successively conquered by the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans • The rise of Greece destroyed Phoenicia’s eastern Mediterranean trade routes

  37. conflict • The Persians then conquered the Phoenicians because of the loss of trade power • Phoenicians retreated to Carthage • There they prospered until the were destroyed by Romans in the Punic Wars

  38. Fall of Phoenicia • The Phoenician empire fell when Alexander the Great defeated Persia. • Over time all of the city states were conquered • Phoenicia and its culture disappeared • It later became Syria

  39. Summary • They failed to use all of their elements of national power • They succeeded economically, but did not use their wealth to protect their own borders • They made contributions which were fundamental in future civilizations

  40. Technology The Alphabet, Bireme, and Glass

  41. The Alphabet • First used Cuneiform • Began using alphabet around 1050 BCE • Quicker to learn and easier to use for trading

  42. Bireme • Ships important to Phoenician society • Made improvements on Unireme to make the Bireme • 1st appeared in 8th century BCE

  43. Glass • Egyptians first to use glass beads, produced naturally • Phoenicians developed techniques make it artifically • Developed even better technique, glass-blowing, under Roman rule

  44. Economy Maritime Trade, Trade Empire, Exports

  45. Maritime Trade • Most of trade conducted across Mediterranean Sea at ports • Many colonies became trade centers, such as Carthage

  46. Trade Empire • Phoenicians controlled trade around Mediterranean between 1200-800 BCE • Many city-states continued to be predominant powers long after this

  47. Exports • Main Export: Tyrian Purple powder • Manufactured in Sarepta and Mogador from the Murex snail shells • Trading Partners with Greece • Traded slaves, wood, glass and purple powder

  48. Human-Environment Interaction The Sea, Dyes

  49. The Sea • The Phoenicians were particularly good when it came to the sea • Because of this they became a strong naval and trading power of the region

More Related