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Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalism by Akiko Fukuda

Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalism by Akiko Fukuda. 1M100382-9 Mayuko Omura. Outline. Introduction: Japanese Approach to Asian Regionalism The Cold War and Post Cold War Era Domestic Debates Perspective on the U.S. Role in Asia Conclusion by Fukuda Comments.

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Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalism by Akiko Fukuda

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  1. Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalismby Akiko Fukuda 1M100382-9 MayukoOmura

  2. Outline • Introduction: Japanese Approach to Asian Regionalism • The Cold War and Post Cold War Era • Domestic Debates • Perspective on the U.S. Role in Asia • Conclusion by Fukuda • Comments

  3. Multilateralism VS. Bilateralism • 1918-1939 Between two world wars • 1992 International Peace Cooperation Law • 1902-1922 Great Britain • 1940-1945 Germany (and Italy) • 1952- The U.S. • 1991- The end of Cold War

  4. East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere http://japanfocus.org/-Janis-Mimura/3657

  5. Policies and Organizations • Independent Foreign Policy • United Nations Security Council (UNSC) • International Monetary Fund (IMF) http://www.apcss.org/about-2/ap-countries/

  6. Two Challenges • Reconciling multilateralism and bilateralism • Painful history between Asian countries Japan’s role in Asian regionalism and community building

  7. The Cold War Era • Bilateralism > Regionalism/ Multilateralism • 1956 Japan joins United Nations • Three Pillars of Foreign Policy • Foreign policy centered around UN • Closer with Asian nations • Cooperation with Western allies

  8. The Fukuda Doctrine • “Japan is committed to peace, and rejects the role of a military power.” • “will do its best to consolidate the relationship of mutual confidence and trust based on "heart-to-heart" understanding with the nations of Southeast Asia.” • “will cooperate positively with ASEAN while aiming at fostering a relationship based on mutual understanding with the countries of Indochina and will thus contribute to the building of peace and prosperity throughout Southeast Asia.” http://old.asean.or.jp/eng/asean40/fukuda.html

  9. Cold War Era (Cont.) • Pre-War Japan • Military power • Political power • Economical power • Post-War Japan (Cold War Era) • Bilateral relations • Lack of regional solidarity

  10. Post-Cold War Era • Development of multiculturalism • “Sakamoto Report” from MITI • Asian-Pacific regionalism • APEC led by the U.S. • East Asian regionalism • non-leadership role in EAEC • Democratization of Southeastern countries • Globalization • The Lost Decade • Distanced away especially in the economic sphere

  11. After the Asian Financial Crisis… • New Asian Monetary Fund • The New Miyazawa Institute • ASEAN Plus Three (APT) • Chian Mai Initiative • Three Issue Papers by Japan • East Asian Community • East Asia Summit (EAS) • Functional approach

  12. (Continued) • “Nikai Initiative” by the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) • Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA) • Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) • Bilateralism • Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs)/Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)

  13. ERIA Concept ASEAN ASEAN+6 ASEAN+1 ASEAN+3 Policy Recommendations ASEAN Strong Partnership with Existing Institutions in East Asia For Less-Developed Countries Support ASEANt ERIA Japan East Asian Countries Contributions

  14. Northeast Asian Security • ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) • Asian security issues • Korean peninsula security • Six Party Talks • Koizumi Junichiro’s visit to Pyongyang Key to Asian regionalism/multilateralism

  15. Official Japanese Standpoint • Economic interest regionalism • Long-tern goal, but ongoing • Economic community  FTA/EPA  financial and monetary community •  stop at economics • Functional cooperation •  to nontraditional security

  16. Japanese Government • Agree on the long-term process • 2005 Diet Policy Speech • Government participation • Open community • Various ministries, different opinions • APT VS. EAS • APT and EAS will co-exist • Balancing the benefits and drawbacks

  17. Debates • Functional Approach? • Universal Values? • Functional approach and universal values? http://www.mangolanguages.com/blog/language-corner/a-dramatic-lesson-in-critical-thinking/

  18. Perspective on the U.S. Role Japanese Perspective • Keep bilateral alliance • Hard security issues • universal values U.S.’s Response • Supportive in Japan’s effort • Willing to participate

  19. Conclusion of Fukuda • Five Principals of Asian Regionalism • Bilateral and multiculturalism • Cooperation and competition • Open regionalism • Universal values • Functional approach • Bilateralism, regionalism, and multiculturalism • Reconcile its past  positive contribution to Asia’s future

  20. My Opinion • Strong bilateral relationship between Japan and the U.S. • U.S. welcomed in Asia • U.S. assistance as essential to Asian Regionalism • Universal approach and functional approach

  21. Thank you !!

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