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Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

22. Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System. 1924 funeral of Oregon family wiped out by botulism. Figure 22.7. Botulism. Clostridium botulinum Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin .

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Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

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  1. 22 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

  2. 1924 funeral of Oregon family wiped out by botulism Figure 22.7

  3. Botulism • Clostridium botulinum • Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe • Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin. • Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter causing flaccid paralysis. • Prevention • Proper canning • Nitrites prevent endospore germination in sausages.

  4. Botulism • Treatment: Supportive care and antitoxin. • Infant botulism results from C. botulinum growing in intestines. • Wound botulism results from growth of C. botulinumin wounds.

  5. Diagnosis Figure 22.8

  6. Leprosy • Mycobacterium leprae • Acid-fast rod that grows best at 30°C. • Grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells. • Tuberculoid (neural) form: Loss of sensation in skin areas • Lepromatous (progressive) form: Disfiguring nodules over body

  7. Leprosy Figure 22.9

  8. Poliomyelitis • Poliovirus • Transmitted by ingestion. • Initial symptoms: Sore throat and nausea • If persistent, virus can enter the CNS • destruction of motor cells and paralysis occurs in <1% of cases. • Prevention is by vaccination

  9. Figure 22.10

  10. Poliomyelitis Figure 22.11

  11. Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus) • Transmitted by animal bite. • Virus multiplies in skeletal muscles, then brain cells causing encephalitis. • Initial symptoms • muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx • hydrophobia • Furious rabies: Animals are restless then highly excitable. • Paralytic rabies: Animals seem unaware of surroundings.

  12. Rabies Virus in Wild

  13. Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus) Figure 22.12

  14. Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus) Figure 22.13

  15. Arboviral Encephalitis • Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that belong to several families. • Prevention is by controlling mosquitoes. Figure 22.14

  16. UN 22.2

  17. Arboviral Encephalitis

  18. Naegleria fowleri • Protozoan infects nasal mucosa from swimming water. Figure 22.17

  19. Naegleria fowleri

  20. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies • Caused by prions • Sheep scrapie • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease • Kuru (New Guinea) • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow) • Transmitted by ingestion or transplant or inherited. • Chronic and fatal

  21. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Figure 22.18

  22. Figure 22.19 - Overview

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