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Physical Oceanography and Modeling Capabilities

Physical Oceanography and Modeling Capabilities. Cisco Werner UNC-Chapel Hill cisco@unc.edu. Eel workshop Blacksburg, 23 March 2005. Eel Life Cycle (as understood by a physical ocean modeler).

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Physical Oceanography and Modeling Capabilities

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  1. Physical Oceanography and Modeling Capabilities Cisco Werner UNC-Chapel Hill cisco@unc.edu Eel workshop Blacksburg, 23 March 2005

  2. Eel Life Cycle (as understood by a physical ocean modeler) • The eel begins and ends its life in the waters of the Sargasso Sea, an area north of the Bahamas. • The leptocephalus, a pelagic larvae of less than two inches in length, drifts with the ocean currents for 9 to 12 months before entering coastal waters. • When it reaches approximately 2.4 inches (6 cm) in length, the leptocephalus metamorphoses into a transparent, "glass" eel. • In autumn the glass eels migrate into estuaries along the Atlantic coast where they become pigmented. These eels are known as elvers. • Some elvers remain in the estuaries, but others migrate varying distances upstream, often for several hundred kilometers. http://www.chesapeakebay.net/american_eel.htm

  3. Major ocean current systems Spawning site

  4. In the mid-1980s (in Europe), the number of new glass eels entering rivers declined to 10% of former levels and recent figures show that this has now dropped to 1%. The crash happened over the whole European continent with no single, obvious cause. Suggestions for possible causes have included over-exploitation, inland habitat loss, climate and ocean current change, disease and pollution. http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/eel.asp

  5. 10 year trajectories Fixed depth (no vertical displacement) 10 year trajectories Passive trajectories (free vertical motion)

  6. Eddy-driven sources and sinks of nutrients in the upper ocean:results of a 0.1° resolution model of the North Atlantic McGillicuddy, D.J., Anderson, L.A., Doney, S.C. and M.E. Maltrud National Science Foundation NCAR: Scientific Computing Division

  7. New Production in the Open Ocean

  8. An eddy-resolving nutrient transport model Euphotic Zone: NP=NP(I,NO3,T) Aphotic Zone: Relaxation to clim. NO3(σT)

  9. Simulated Annual New Production OWSI NABE BATS EUMELI

  10. Annual New ProductionTerm Balances New Prod Conv + Diff Vertical advection Horizontal advection Total Mean Eddy

  11. New Production at BATS:Three Models, Three Different Nutrient Transport Pathways Observed Annual New Production = 0.5 mol N m-2 yr-1

  12. Coarse (1.6º) Eddy-resolving (0.1º) Sea Surface Temperature log (New Production)

  13. (McGillicuddy et al. 1998)

  14. 1 2 4 3 5 6 Nested Grids in the Northwest Atlantic using ROMS • 1) NENA • 2) NEOS • 3) CBLAST4) LATTE • 5) NY/NJ Bight • 6) Caribbean • 7) Not shown: • Delaware Bay • Narragansett Bay • Chesapeake Bay • North Atlantic Basin

  15. Northeast North Atlantic (NENA) embedded within NATL 3-day average open boundary values from NATL7-component NPZD ecosystem Temperature Chlorophyll

  16. Mesh downscaling from open ocean to estuaries

  17. Residual flow field under average wind conditions October January March Wind Direction

  18. Arrival at slack before ebb Arrival at slack before flood

  19. Long-term changes in the ecology (hydro-climate + biology) of the North Sea (Beaugrand, in press PO)

  20. (Beaugrand)

  21. Long-term changes in the abundance of two key species in the North Sea Percentage of C. helgolandicus (Beaugrand)

  22. Long-term changes in the abundance of two key species in the North Sea Calanus finmarchicus Calanus helgolandicus 12 12 1.6 1 11 11 1.4 0.9 10 10 0.8 1.2 9 9 0.7 8 8 1 0.6 7 7 months 0.8 0.5 6 6 0.4 5 0.6 5 0.3 4 4 0.4 0.2 3 3 0.2 2 0.1 2 1 1 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Years (1958-1999) Years (1958-1999) (Beaugrand)

  23. Relevant Programs • GODAE – Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (NASA) • CLIVAR – Climate Variability • OOI – Ocean Observatories Initiative (NSF) • GOOS – Global Ocean Observing System • IOOS – Integrated Ocean Observing System (NOAA)

  24. Will follow IOOS model of overlapping regional systems that together form a national system

  25. SEA-COOS The Southeast Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing System

  26. HF-radar (LR CODAR & WERA) either deployed or funded

  27. Daily, cloud-free, OI-SST

  28. NC 1 Site SC 2 Sites GA 2000 m 2 Sites 200 m Fisheries Management ObservationsC. Barans, SCDNR Fisheries Observation Network Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management • Cyclic movements • Interactions • Spawning times • Recruitment High Temporal Resolution: Microwave Transmission System • Near real-time data Autonomous Video Loggers • Regional coverage • Latitudinal/ depth

  29. System example: “FishCam” • C. Barans, SC DNR • video clips from 6-camera system • hourly images • telemetry via SABSOON • microwave/T1 communications Images from current day: www.skio.peachnet.edu/research/sabsoon /fishwatch/ Searchable video archive: http://oceanica.cofc.edu/FishWatch/open.htm Included are a Searchable Data Base and an Educational Web Site

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