1. Pax Romana Roman Peace

2. Begins with the rule of Augustus Caesarwww.uoregon.edu/~arthist/arthist_204/monumentimages/primaporta_augustus.gif • Defeats forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra • Solidifies power around 27 B.C. • Becomes “Emperor of Rome”

3. Pax RomanaEconomic Impact • Established uniform system of money - expands trade • Guaranteed safe travel and trade in empire • Army - Roman legions • Great road system - 50,000 miles of highway • Promoted prosperity

4. Pax RomanaSocial Impact • Returned stability of social classes • Increased emphasis on family

5. Pax RomanaPolitical Impact • Created Civil Service • Developed uniform rule of law • 12 Tables

6. Rulers of Pax Romana Julian Rulers (14-68 A.D.) Army Rulers (68-69 A.D.) Flavian Rulers (69-96 A.D.) Five Good Emperors (96-180 A.D.)

7. Julian Rulers All descendents of Julius Caesar

8. Nerothepaolas.com/Emperors/Emperors/Scans/Nero.jpg • Rules from 54-68 A.D. • Good administrator but vicious • Responsible for many murders including his own mother • Rebuild Rome after great fire – possibly set by Nero to persecute Christians • Had Peter (crucifixion) and Paul (beheaded) executed

9. Five Good Emperors • Nerva (96-98) • Trajan (98-117) – Rome expands to greatest extent • Hadrian (117-138) – Solidified conquests and set up postal service – Hadrian’s wall • Antoninius Pius (138-161) • Marcus Aurelius (161-180) Barbaric invasions begin – Pax Romana dies with him

10. Roman Empire Begins Decline Spiral starts after the death of Marcus Aurellius

11. Fall of the Roman Empire Begins with rule of Commodus, Marcus Aurelius’ son

12. Three Stages of Decline • “Crisis of the Third Century” – many economic, military, and political problems • Time of revival – empire cut into two halves (Eastern half is strengthened but West continues spiral) • Western half falls to Barbaric invaders

13. Crisis Weakens Empire Contributing Factors

14. Economic Decay • Poor Harvests • Disrupted trade (Barbarians) • No more plunder from wars • Gold and Silver drain • Inflation • Crushing tax burden

15. Political Decay • Political office seen as burden, not reward • Military interference in politics • Civil War and unrest • Division of Empire • Moving capital to Byzantium

16. Military Decay • Threat from Persians and barbarians • Low funds for defense • Problems recruiting Roman citizens – recruiting of Barbarians • Decline of patriotism an loyalty among soldiers

17. Social Decay • Lack of interest in public affairs • Low confidence in empire • Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption • Contrast between rich and poor

18. Immediate Causes of Fall Pressure from the Huns Invasion by Germanic tribes and by Huns

19. Fall of Roman Empire(only a movement in reality) Conquests by Barbarians Sack of Rome

20. Important Emperors of The Move

21. Diocletianwww.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/diocletian.jpgDiocletianwww.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/diocletian.jpg • Rules 284-305 • Split empire in two parts – takes control of Eastern empire and names some else to rule the western half • Tries to stop decline – somewhat successful

22. wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_07_149.gifwps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_07_149.gif

23. Constantinewww.mingyuen.edu.hk/history/5rome/03king/constantine.jpgConstantinewww.mingyuen.edu.hk/history/5rome/03king/constantine.jpg • First Christian emperor on Empire • Reunites both halves of empire • Moves capital from Rome to Constantinople (Byzantium)

24. Theodosius • Make Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

25. Invading Barbarian Invaders • Goths (Ostrogoths / Visagoths) • Franks • Vandals • Saxons • Burgundians • Lombards

26. wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_06_140b.gifwps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_06_140b.gif

27. Important Invaders • Attila the Hun