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Module 12 continued Energy Implications of Development Options in Sri Lanka Energy sources

Module 12 continued Energy Implications of Development Options in Sri Lanka Energy sources Energy technologies Energy sufficiency (conservation) Energy efficiency Energy security Sustainability issues. Petroleum in Sri Lanka.

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Module 12 continued Energy Implications of Development Options in Sri Lanka Energy sources

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  1. Module 12 continued Energy Implications of Development Options in Sri Lanka Energy sources Energy technologies Energy sufficiency (conservation) Energy efficiency Energy security Sustainability issues

  2. Petroleum in Sri Lanka • Off-shore exploration of petroleum in Mannar basin is being considered. • At present, crude oil is imported and refined at the Sapugaskanda Refinery of the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC). • CPC and Lanka Indian Oil Company (LIOC) are responsible for the total supply of petroleum. • - LPG supply is carried out by Shell Gas (Lanka) Pvt Ltd. and Lanka Auto Gas Filling Stations (LAUGFS). Pvt. Ltd. http://www.energy.gov.lk/sub_pgs/elibrary.html

  3. Crude oil refined at Sapugaskanda Refinery Flue Gas LPG Crude Distiller and other refinery plants Naptha Imported Crude oil Gasoline Kerosene Auto/Super Diesel Fuel oil Heavy fuel oil Brown Asphalt http://www.energy.gov.lk/sub_pgs/elibrary.html

  4. Sectoral Energy Consumption (thousand TOE) Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010

  5. Energy Consumption:Industrial Sector (thousand TOE) Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010

  6. Energy Consumption: Transport Sector (thousand TOE) Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010

  7. Energy Consumption: Household, Commercial and Others (thousand TOE) Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010

  8. Secondary Energy Consumption in Sri Lanka (thousand TOE) Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010

  9. Secondary Energy Consumption in Sri Lanka (in %) in 2010 Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010

  10. Biomass Energy Dendro power generation Grow fast growing tree species, having high energy yield. Eg: Gliricidia Sepium tree Harvest biomass from the forest using coppicing techniques (the tree as a whole is not cut down, but pruned systematically) Transport biomass to the power plant Fed into the furnace of the conventional steam turbine / electrical generator system Or, fed into a gasifier to produce a combustible gas that could be burnt in a diesel engine coupled to an electrical generator. Source: http://www.efsl.lk/details.aspx?catid=3

  11. Biomass Energy Dendro power generation Every MW of dendro power installed creates employment for 300 people in rural communities. Unused land and agricultural smallholds are ideal locations for the establishment of biomass plantations and people can enhance their earnings by selling fuel wood to dendro plants. Employment opportunities are also generated out of the need to establish and manage fuel wood plantations and for plant construction and maintenance work. Source: http://www.efsl.lk/details.aspx?catid=3

  12. Biomass Energy Dendro power generation Biomass is a renewable energy source which is almost carbon neutral as the carbon emissions released during combustion are recaptured during re-growth. However in practice not all biomass generation will be carbon neutral as transportation to the generation plant will generate carbon emissions. The leaves of the Gliricidia Sepium tree can also be used as cattle feed or as a substitute for urea as a soil nutrient. Source: http://www.efsl.lk/details.aspx?catid=3

  13. Energy Conservation The energy conservation fund was established in the mid 1980s to coordinate activities in this area, and later, in the early 1990s, a separate unit for demand side management was established in the CEB, mainly to focus on energy conservation activities in the electricity sector. This unit has been pursuing several utility sponsored DSM programmes, such as popularisation of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), development of an energy efficient building code and energy labelling of electric appliances. Several private, and non-governmental organisations too, pursue energy conservation and management activities by offering expert services and training programmes. P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 44 (2003) 3247–3265

  14. Environment related issues Energy sector emissions: Suspended particulate matter (SPM) consists mainly of ash with minute quantities of unburned carbon particles. Gaseous emissions released as a result of fossil fuel Burning are carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). In Sri Lanka, it is mandatory for new thermal power projects exceeding 25 MW and new hydropower projects exceeding 50 MW in capacity to get environmental clearance from the relevant Project Approving Authority by conducting an environmental impact assessment (EIA)prior to commencement of the project. P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 44 (2003) 3247–3265

  15. Emission standards P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 44 (2003) 3247–3265

  16. Ambient air quality standards (24 h) P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 44 (2003) 3247–3265

  17. Ambient air quality standards (1 h) P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 44 (2003) 3247–3265

  18. Environment related issues Energy sector emissions: Warm water discharges Inundation of land (in case of large hydro reservoirs) Land use pattern changes P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 44 (2003) 3247–3265

  19. Sustainability Issues

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