Mythology Review

1. Mythology Review • Coming of the gods • Creation of Man • Trouble Comes to Earth • Along Came a Spider • Why the Seasons Change • Pyramus and Thisbe • Pysche • Echo and Narcissus • In your group, create the plot diagram summary of the story you are assigned. • Exposition- Characters and conflict of the story • Rising Action- Complications that occur throughout the story • Climax-The most intense or emotional part • Falling Action -Any scenes that lead to the end • Resolution- When you know how the characters and conflict turned out

2. Bare Bones of a Plot

3. What are some action or adventure stories you have seen in movies and on television where a hero outsmarts monsters, villains, or opponents that are far more powerful than the hero? What qualities helped these heroes come out on top?

4. Introduction to The Odyssey

5. Epic Poem • A long narrative poem about a hero and his journey • Story follows beliefs and culture of the society • Begins in medias res (in the middle of things) • Common elements: • Adventures • Supernatural deeds • Divine intervention • Elaborate use of language and literary devices

6. Epic Hero • Common characteristics: • Faces trials and enemies along his journey • Encounters women “as temptresses” who threaten the completion of the journey • Must complete the final task alone • Carries a talisman • Overcomes hubris (vain pride)

7. Homer • Lived c. 800 B.C. • Often thought to be blind • Credited with writing the Iliad and the Odyssey

8. The Illiad and the Trojan War • The Illiad tells the story of the Trojan War • Helen marries Menelaus • Suitors promise to fight for her • Paris promised the most beautiful woman in the world (Helen); kidnaps her • Menelaus calls an army of suitors • War lasts for 10 years

9. The Odyssey - Context • Written around 750 – 650 B.C. • Epic poem composed from a long tradition of unwritten, oral poetry • Set in 12th Century Greece (the Bronze Age)

10. The Odyssey • Tells the story of Odysseus’s journey home from the Trojan War • Odysseus is the hero of the story • Homer begins with an invocation of the Muses, then starts in medias res

11. Who are the muses? • Goddesses who inspired the arts • Poetry • Songs • Dance • Etc.

12. Literary Devices • Epic simile: long, detailed version of a regular simile • Just that way • Just so • Just as • Even as

13. Literary Devices cont’d • Example of Epic Simile “Sometimes in farmyards when the cows return well fed from pasture to the barn, one sees the pen give way before the calves in tumult, breaking through to cluster about their mothers, bumping together, bawling. Just that way my crew poured round me when they saw me come” (118-123).

14. More Literary Devices • Metaphor: a direct comparison of two unlike things • Personification: giving human characteristics to non-human objects • Flashback: When a story is told by a character looking back on it – flashing back to the event(s)

15. Remember! • Hubris – excessive pride • Rules of Hospitality • Host must be kind to visitors (offer food, drink, and lodging for free) • Visitors must be gracious and kind to the host (should not steal, wait for offering, and be grateful) Ne quid nemis. (Nothing in excess. Everything in moderation.)

18. Journal • Who is your hero? • What is a hero to you? To our society? • What attributes make up a hero?

19. Write a complete paragraph! • Topic Sentence • Include star ideas • Red supporting details • Concluding sentence

20. Trial Overview • For the trial, we will be deciding whether or not Odysseus is a hero. • Gather evidence as we read the story.

21. The Epic Hero • Is a warrior, leader, and rhetorician • Has inheritance of weaponry or special tools • Endures long journey • Has sidekicks, but takes on greatest tasks alone • Encounters numerous phenomena http://www.victorianweb.org/genre/epic2.html

22. A hero is someone who is… • Selfless (Sacrifices for others) • Overcomes trials/strong in adversity • Great skill • Protective • Gives hope • Has integrity • Humble • Helpful • Kind • Brave • Doer of Good Deeds

24. Lit Circles • Group A- Return of Odysseus 1022-1027 Summary (1) and Characters (3) • Group B- Return of Odysseus 1022-1027 Hero Evidence (4) and Conflict (6) • Group C- Argus and Suitors 1028-1031 Summary (1) and Hero evidence (4)

25. Group D –Argus and Suitors 1028-1031 Hero Evidence (4) and Characters (3) Group E-Argus and Suitors 1028-1031 Conflict (6) and Hero Evidence (4) Group F-Penelope 1031-1033 Summary (1) and Character (3) • Group G-Penelope 1031-1033 Hero Evidence (4) and Conflict (6)

26. Happy Valentine’s Day • Odysseus has been gone from Penelope for 20 years and been romantically involved with both the beautiful goddess-nymph Calypso and beautiful goddess-enchantress Circe, so he has a lot of explaining to do. • Make a Valentine from Odysseus to his wife Penelope or from Penelope to her long-lost husband Odysseus.

27. You will be graded on the following: • Neatness • Effort • Textual Accuracy • Creativity

28. Hero’s Journey What is it?

29. The Mandala Project-75 Points What is a mandala? The word “mandala” means circle in ancient Sanskrit. It is more than just a shape: a mandala symbolizes the essence of one’s life. More literally, a mandala is a circle with various designs inside the circle. The design or pattern is typically representative of the elements of the creator’s life experiences.

30. Who has used mandalas? • Mandalas have been created for centuries by people of various cultures and beliefs. Navajo Indians and Tibetan monks create sand mandalas to represent life. Hildegard van Bingen, a nun from the 12th century, used mandalas to illustrate her visions and experiences. Even the ancient Aztec calendar is a mandala that was used as a timekeeping device. So what are you going to do? • You are going to examine your life journey: your hero’s journey. Your mandala will be a visual representation of your hero’s journey. • Remember a hero’s journey is not your whole life, but a period of your life in which you have experienced tests and overcome those obstacles with a renewed take on your life. Use the mandala template to help you plan.

31. Overview • The People vs. Odysseus • The charge: False Identity—Hero • Roles to Fill: • The prosecution team: 1 Lawyer, Multiple Paralegals • The defense team: 1 Lawyer, Multiple Paralegals • Character Witnesses: 4-6 • Jury: 4 members • Bailiff, Stenographer, Sketch Artist

32. The Prosecution • Attempts to convince the jury that the defendant is “guilty.” • Lawyer—Responsible for writing an opening statement and closing statement • Paralegals—Responsible for writing a summary of evidence • As a team, come up with questions to ask the witnesses to prove your case.

33. The Defense • Attempts to convince the jury that the defendant is “not guilty.” • Lawyer—Responsible for writing an opening statement • Paralegals—Responsible for writing a summary of evidence • As a team, come up with questions to ask from a list your team makes.

34. Character Witnesses • From the epic • Responsible for being questioned by both sides • Provides information for the jury • Responsible for writing a character profile

35. Jury • Works with a character to gather information • Listens to the prosecution and the defense • Determines the verdict; based upon consensus • Responsible for writing summary of verdict

36. Bailiff, Stenographer, and Sketch Artist • Bailiff keeps order • Stenographer takes notes • Sketch artist draws trial • Responsible for writing a summary of events in the trial

37. Steps • Friday—Trial Overview: Over steps, assign parts • Monday—Build Case: Read and Gather Evidence • Tuesday—Build Case: Read and Gather Evidence. Writing parts are due by end of class. • Wednesday—Trial: Mock Trial Ensues

38. Monday and Tuesday’s Goals • Prosecution and defense • Decide which witnesses you’re calling to the stand and which questions you will ask them. • I need a list • Characters, jury, bailiff, and stenographer • Pair up to analyze characters • Everyone needs to be clear on what they are writing

39. Steps for Trial • Opening Ceremonies—5 minutes • Opening Statements—8 minutes • Questioning—25 minutes • Prosecution—3 witnesses • Defendant—3 witnesses • Closing Statements—10 minutes • Jury Deliberation • Verdict

40. Witness Examination • Direct Examination • Attorneys call witnesses to the stand and question them. • Cross Examination • The other side questions the witness. • Can only pose questions about issues brought up in direct examination. • Redirect • The initial side can reestablish the credibility of the witness after he/she has been cross examined.

41. Objections • Irrelevant Evidence • Leading Questions • Opinion • i.e. Asking a question that does not have a factual answer. • Lack of Personal Knowledge • i.e. Asking a Lotus Eater about the battle at the great hall.

42. Processing Questions • What happened? • What was the verdict? • Did you agree with the verdict? Why or why not? • What did you enjoy about this experience? Dislike? • What did you learn from this experience? • What would you keep the same? What changed?