1. Climate What is climate Climate Classification Climatic Changes Human Influence on Climate Chap. 14

2. Objectives What is Climate – 14.1 • describe different types of climate data • explain why climates vary

3. Climate Long-term weather patterns of an area

4. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time

5. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes:

6. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Temperatures (high, low, average)

7. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Temperatures (high, low, average) • Precipitation

8. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Temperatures (high, low, average) • Precipitation • Wind speed & direction

9. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Temperatures (high, low, average) • Precipitation • Wind speed & direction • Humidity

10. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Temperatures (high, low, average) • Precipitation • Wind speed & direction • Humidity • Pressure

11. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Normals

12. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Normals • Data may be collected at a location outside city

13. Climate • Climate has changed over the history of time • Climate describes: • Normals • Data may be collected at a location outside city • Data reflects average values, not necessarily usual weather conditions.

14. Climate • Factors affecting climate

15. Climate • Factors affecting climate • Latitude • Topography • Closeness to water • Global wind patterns • Ocean currents • Air masses

16. Climate • Factors affecting climate Explain the difference between S.F. and Minneapolis?

17. Names for various latitudes

18. Topographical effect on climate

19. The End

20. Objectives Climate Classification - 14.2 • describe the criteria used to classify climates • compare and contrast different climates. Submitted by: MCAS Iwakuni

21. Koeppen Classification Classifies climates based on average temperature and precipitation, taking into consideration vegetation.

22. Koeppen Classification • Tropical climate Hawaii - http://www.georgedonna.org/Hawaiindx.htm Constant high temperatures and lots of precipitation, the location of many rain forests.

23. Koeppen Classification • Tropical climate • Dry climate Gobi – http://www.arcangeloni.com/new/mongolia_pictures.shtml 30% of all land, location of many deserts (Sahara and Gobi), evaporation exceeds precipitation.

24. Koeppen Classification • Mild climate

25. Koeppen Classification • Mild climate • Humid subtropical Florida– http://www.marianna-online.com/marianna/index.asp Subtropical high pressure systems bring warm, muggy summers and dry cool winters.

26. Koeppen Classification • Mild climate • Humid subtropical • Marine west coast Oregon Constant flow of air from ocean brings mild winters and cool summers.

27. Koeppen Classification • Mild climate • Humid subtropical • Marine west coast • Mediterranean Italy - http://www.camigliano.it/eng/landscape.htm Warm summers due to proximity to warm ocean water.

28. Koeppen Classification • Continental climate Temperature changes can be extreme from summer to winter, site of tropical and polar air mass collisions.

29. Koeppen Classification • Continental climate • Warm summer • Cool summer • Subarctic

30. Koeppen Classification • Polar climate Year-around cold temperatures (warmest month average is less than 50ºF).

31. Koeppen Classification • Polar climate • Tundra Tundra - http://www.bergoiata.org/fe/national-parks-american/10.htm Little precipitation, many months of cold temperature, short growing season.

32. Koeppen Classification • Polar climate • Tundra • Ice Caps Penny Ice Cap - http://www.wholey.net/Auyuittuq/Auyuittuq.html Form near the poles as a result of the small amount of solar radiation there.

33. Koeppen Classification • Highlands Mt. Everest - http://www.muvaki.de/Tibet/ Unique climates due to extremely high elevations.

34. Microclimates Localized climate that differs from the regional climate.

35. Microclimates • Factors

36. Microclimates • Factors • Man-made structures

37. Microclimates • Factors • Man-made structures • Elevation

38. Microclimates • Factors • Man-made structures • Elevation • Heat islands Features that act to increase temperatures in a microclimate

39. The End

40. Objectives Climatic Changes – 14.3 • distinguish among different types of climatic changes. • recognize why climatic changes occur. Flood - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elnino/anatomy/origins.html

41. Ice Ages Ice Age - http://www.worldbook.com Periods of time in which ice/glaciers cover vast amounts of Earth’s surface and temperatures decrease

42. Ice Ages • Alternating periods of glaciation and interglacial intervals.

43. Ice Ages • Alternating periods of glaciation and interglacial intervals. • Most recent ice age ended about 10,000 ya.

44. Short-term Climatic Changes

45. Short-term Climatic Changes • Seasons Short-term period of climate change as a result of variations in daylight, temperature and weather.

46. Short-term Climatic Changes • Seasons • Summer – the North pole is titled toward the sun and the N. hemisphere receives more solar radiation.

47. Short-term Climatic Changes • Seasons • Summer – the North pole is tilted toward the sun and the N. hemisphere receives more solar radiation. • Winter – the North pole is tiltedaway from the sun and the S. hemisphere receives more solar radiation.

48. Short-term Climatic Changes • Seasons • Spring and Autumn (Fall) both hemispheres experience equal solar radiation.

49. Short-term Climatic Changes • Seasons • El Niño

50. Short-term Climatic Changes • Seasons • El Niño • Causes