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Exploring DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle: A Look into Genetics

In this lesson, we discuss the importance of the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and the phases of DNA replication. We delve into the G0, G1, S, G2, and M phases, emphasizing the critical checkpoints that ensure the integrity of cell division. Students engage in a DNA replication activity to better understand the processes involved in copying genetic material, including the roles of essential enzymes like DNA helicase and DNA polymerase. Additionally, we consider ethical questions surrounding genetics and personal genetic information.

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Exploring DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle: A Look into Genetics

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  1. Monday, April 1st, 2013 Warm-up: • Would you ever choose your child’s genes? Why or Why not? • How do you feel about having your genetic profile made public? Today’s Agenda: • Cell Cycle/Mitosis/DNA Replication • GATTACA

  2. Cell Cycle

  3. Phases of the Cell Cycle • Interphase • G0 phase – Resting phase • Cell cycle stops (Heart Cells, Nerve Cells) • G1 phase – Growth Phase • S phase – DNA Replicates • G2 phase – Double checks for last minute mistakes • Mitotic (M) phase • Cell Division

  4. Checkpoints • Make sure that the cell has minimal mistakes • G1, G2, and M phase • G1 – Environment is good enough? Enough energy? • G2 - DNA replicated correctly? Toxins? Energy? • M phase – Conditions right to continue to divide?

  5. DNA Replication • Occurs in the S phase • DNA Double Helix is duplicated from one, to two exact copies of the original double helix.

  6. DNA Replication Parent Strands Daughter Strands

  7. Enzymes • DNA Helicase – Unzips DNA • DNA Polymerase – Copies DNA by creating the daughter strands. • Brings in complimentary nucleotides based off of the parent strands.

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jtmOZaIvS0

  9. DNA Replication Activity

  10. DNA Replication Activity • Once you have created your double helix, use clean scissors to cut up 4 base pairs. (What do the scissors represent?) • Repeat the process for creating the double helix for replicating those 4 base pairs.

  11. DNA Replication Activity T A C G T A T G A A A C Be thinking about: What is the backbone made of? What does “complimentary” mean? What holds the DNA strands together? What enzyme breaks those bonds during DNA replication? What enzyme is in charge of building the new, complimentary strand? What is the product of DNA replication?

  12. Monday, April 1st, 2013 Exit Card: • First and Last Name • In which step of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? • What do checkpoints do in the cell cycle? • What is the product of DNA replication? Where do each of the original (parent) strands (2 strands per double helix) go?

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