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Monday April 22 ========

Monday April 22 ========. Weekly Objectives Begin Lecture. Weekly Objectives: ===================. Monday: Tuesday: Wednesday: Thursday: Friday:. Role of Govt. pp. 503-505 History/Types pp. 505-507 20 th C. Expansion pp. 508-513 Group work Assignment

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Monday April 22 ========

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  1. Monday April 22======== • Weekly Objectives • Begin Lecture

  2. Weekly Objectives:=================== Monday: Tuesday: Wednesday: Thursday: Friday: Role of Govt. pp. 503-505 History/Types pp. 505-507 20th C. Expansion pp. 508-513 Group work Assignment Great Society/Welfare pp. 513-517 Pop Quiz ? Challenges to Policy pp. 518-525

  3. Chapter 20 Making Social Policy

  4. Chapter Outline • The Role of Government in Social Policy • The Early History of Social Policy in the United States • Types of Social Policy • The Expansion of Social Policy in the 20th Century. • Social Policy Challenges for the Future • The Politics of Social Policy • The Role of Government in Social Policy

  5. Role of Govt. in social policy pp. 505-507

  6. Public vs. Individual Americans are sharply divided on how much the government should do to care for the needy.

  7. Public vs. Individual • “People need to take responsibility for their own mistakes….even if that results in living in poverty.” • “The government can’t provide effective protection against misfortune.” • “The economy will provide opportunities for those with ambition and a willingness to work hard.”

  8. Public vs. Individual • “Government must step in to help the needy through social programs such as job training, child care assistance, public housing, and other forms of aid.” • “The free market is often unfair, leaving some Americans behind because of their race, sex, lack of access to education, and so forth.” • “Government should provide a safety net against poverty, joblessness, and prejudice.”

  9. Political Party Views National government is part of the problem, not the solution, to poverty and other social ills by getting in the way of the free market. Favor programs that create incentives for people to pull themselves out of poverty through hard work. R

  10. Political Party Views Only the National government has the resources and jurisdiction to provide adequate Social Security, help local governments improve the quality of education, and ensure that all Americans, rich or poor, have access to proper medical attention. Favor programs that make sure all Americans are protected from the occasional failures of the free market system. D

  11. Public vs. Charity The U.S. is a very generous nation. • 4/10 volunteer time • 9/10 donate $$ to charity ( $170B in 2001) ( $291B in 2010)

  12. Public vs. Charity Concerns: Some believe that contributions would increase if government would get out of the way. Some believe charity can only treat the symptoms of poverty, whereas only government can solve the underlying causes.

  13. Political Party Views The government should create a safety net for individuals and a minimum standard of living. Compassion requires this minimum and without it, the cities would have far more homeless and hungry people, desperately trying to survive. D

  14. Political Party Views The Nation should rely more on charity and less on government. The long history of charitable giving is proof that society as a whole will seek to remedy social problems without the higher taxes and big bureaucracy that come with government programs. R

  15. National vs. State and Local It is argued that State and Local governments should solve social policy because they have more knowledge of the needs in their communities. Others argue that only the national government can ensure that every American is protected b/c poor states may not have the resources.

  16. pp. 505-507- Early History of Social Policy in the U.S.- Types of Social Policy What should we read tonight ?

  17. Tuesday April 23======== • Handout: Vocab. • Continue Lecture

  18. Early History of Social Policy in the U.S. pp. 505-507

  19. Rugged Individualism • The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Early 20th Century governments reluctantly provided limited support to the old, the blind and the orphaned. • (much reliance was placed on private charity)

  20. Helping those who served: • Following the Rev. War: there were national programs to help those wounded in battle. • Installed by the Continental Congress (before the new government was even created)This was the first “Social Security”

  21. Helping those who served: • In 1818, Congress expanded retirement benefits to cover all veterans of the Rev. War. Whether they were officers or not. • Also created the first old soldiers homes for poor veterans. • 1948, Congress expanded program to provide relief to widows of soldiers killed in battle.

  22. Setting Social Precedents • First: • The idea that some Americans would be automatically entitled to certain govt. benefits. • Vocab: • Entitlements: Government provided benefits given to any citizen who is eligible.

  23. Setting Social Precedents • Second: • This established the government’s right to restrict some benefits only to those citizens who could actually prove their need for help. • Vocab: • Means-Tested Entitlements: citizens must be able to prove they are poor enough to deserve govt. help.

  24. Military Benefits ? The Civil War included 2.2 Million soldiers who would eventually qualify for veterans benefits. By 1910, about 28% of all American men aged 65 or more received federal benefits.

  25. Types of Social Policy pp. 505-507

  26. End of 20th Century . . . 1,425 Domestic funding programs • 38 separate farmers programs • 142 for colleges and students • 148 for women • 257 for children “Categorical Aid”

  27. Social Policy Goals • Protect citizens against poverty and personal misfortune. • 2. Raise the quality of life for all Americans.

  28. Social Policy Goals • Protect citizens against poverty and personal misfortune. • Relief for unemployed • Health care for elderly • Emergency shelters for homeless • School lunches

  29. Social Policy Goals Almost all Americans are covered by federal unemployment insurance through a payroll tax. (but only workers who have been laid off from their jobs through no fault of their own can qualify for benefits) ( The amount of relief is limited ) 26 wks from State – 53 wks Federal • More info see: www.workers.gov

  30. Jobless Benefits paid

  31. Social Policy Goals • Raise the quality of life for all Americans. • Improving air and water quality • Building roads and bridges • Regulating air traffic • Fighting crime • Strengthening schools with fed. $$$

  32. Formula Grants Amount of federal money is available to all communities regardless of need and is distributed on the basis of population.

  33. History ? Most historians look to the Great Depression and the Social Security Act of 1935 as the period when greater relief was given on a national level.

  34. Poverty Levels Compared

  35. Who are the Poor ? The worthy poor: those who are in poverty through no fault of their own. The unworthy poor: those who are in poverty through idleness or unwillingness to work.

  36. Protection Public Assistance: “welfare” begun in late 1800’s to help poor mothers and their children. Participants do not have to pay anything in advance to receive the benefits…but there is a means test for all applicants.

  37. Welfare means test: Disclosure of all financial assets and income to prove that they fall below the poverty line Poverty line is typically calculated as 3x the amount of money an individual or family needs to purchase the food for a nutritious diet.

  38. 2010 Poverty Level • # in HouseholdAmount • 1 $ 10,830 • 2 $ 14,570 • 3 $ 18,310 • 4 $ 22,050

  39. Public Assistance Incorporates elements of: • Job training • Transportation subsidies • Housing subsidies • Free school lunches • Food aid • Tax credits

  40. Public Assistance Corporate Welfare Benefits Ag and Steel companies • Middle Class Welfare • Benefits College Students & Home buyers through college loans and tax deductions on mortgages.

  41. Public Assistance • In absolute numbers, most poor people are white, as a percentage within their own population, a larger proportion of African Americans and Hispanics are poor.

  42. Public Assistance • In absolute numbers, more women than men are poor. • * There has been a rise in women’s poverty over the last decade.

  43. Social Insurance Government programs that provide benefits to anyone who is eligible either because of past service (veterans, miners, merchant marines) or payments of some kind (payroll taxes, for soc. Sec. & Medicare, insurance premiums)

  44. Social Insurance Some social insurance programs provide only when there is a need (unemployment and disability insurance ) Others (Soc. Security and Medicare) pay regardless of need or wealth, acting more like a private savings program.

  45. pp. 508-513- Expansion of Social Policy in the 20th Cen. - The New Deal - Help for older Americans (Social Sec.) - Helping for the Unemployed - Helping for the poor What should we read tonight ?

  46. Wednesday April 24================Group WorkGroup Presentations

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