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First Aid

Paediatric. First Aid. Training. Welcome. Planning for an emergency. 2. Access to a phone Who will care for the children? First aid box Children’s record forms Fire escape plan Instructions for the parents List of important phone numbers. P. P. P.

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First Aid

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  1. Paediatric First Aid Training Welcome

  2. Planning for an emergency 2 • Access to a phone • Who will care for the children? • First aid box • Children’s record forms • Fire escape plan • Instructions for the parents • List of important phone numbers

  3. P P P The aims of first aid Preserve Life Prevent Worsening Promote Recovery

  4. D R A B C Priorities of treatment – Primary survey 3 Danger Response Airway Breathing Circulation

  5. D Danger? YES Remove Danger R NO Response? NO Help! A Open Airway B Normal Breathing? NO Call 999/112 Now If the casualty is a child and you have to leave them, do 1 minute of CPR first. Resuscitation 30 to 2 • For a child or baby – give 5 initial rescue breaths. • Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. • Only stop to recheck the child if they start to wake upAND start breathing normally. Resuscitation flow chart 4

  6. D R A B Resuscitation 6-13 Danger Response Airway Breathing Normally?

  7. Resuscitation 6-13 WARNING: “In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a casualty may be barely breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy gasps. These are known as ‘agonal’ gasps, and should not be confused with normal breathing.” If you are in doubt, start CPR.

  8. Child and baby CPR 10-13 First aiders can use the adult sequence of resuscitation on a child or baby who is unresponsive and not breathing.

  9. Give five initial rescue breaths before starting chest compressions Compress the chest by at least one-third of its depth: For a child over 1 year,use one or two handsto achieve an adequate depth For a babyunder 1 year, use two fingers Child and baby CPR 10-13 The following minor modifications to the adult sequence will, however, make it even more suitable for use in children: If you are on your own, perform resuscitation for about 1 minute before going for help

  10. Secondary survey 14 Primary Survey First – DRABC Recovery Position? History, Signs and Symptoms Head and Neck Shoulders and Chest Abdomen and Pelvis Legs and Arms Pockets and Clues

  11. The respiratory system

  12. The respiratory system

  13. Cough! 5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts Choking adult or child 16-18

  14. 5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts Choking child 16

  15. 5 Back Blows 5 Chest Thrusts Choking baby 17

  16. Choking – unconscious casualty 17 Start CPR!

  17. Picture: Many Thanks to the Anaphylaxis Campaign. Anaphylaxis 19

  18. Spacer device Inhaler Asthma 20

  19. Circulatory system 22

  20. About one third Blood loss 22

  21. S E E P Bleeding 23 Sit or Lay Examine Elevate Pressure

  22. Indirect pressure points 23

  23. Types of wound – laceration

  24. Types of wound – laceration

  25. Types of wound – laceration

  26. Types of wound – puncture wound

  27. Types of wound – amputation

  28. Poisons 28 • Ingested • Inhaled • Absorbed • Injected • Corrosive • Non-corrosive

  29. S C A L D Severity of burns 30 Size Cause Age Location Depth

  30. 1% Burns – estimating the area 30

  31. Burns 30

  32. 1 COOL! 2 REMOVE 3 DRESS Burns treatment 30

  33. Broken bones – The skeleton 32

  34. Types of fracture 32 Open Closed Complicated Green Stick

  35. Types of fracture – closed

  36. Types of fracture – open

  37. Types of fracture – open fracture Note the poor aseptic technique!

  38. Types of fracture – open fracture

  39. Dislocated Normal Dislocation

  40. Broken bones – signs and symptoms 32 Pain Loss of power Unnatural movement Swelling or bruising Deformity Irregularity Crepitus Tenderness

  41. R I C E Sprains and strains 33 Rest Ice Compression Elevation

  42. Serious head injuries – Compression 34

  43. Serious head injuries – Compression 34

  44. Concussion Compression Serious head injuries 34 Could have a history of recent head injury with apparent recovery, but then deteriorates. Unconsciousness for a short period, followed by an increase in levels of response and recovery. Levels of response become worse as condition develops. Short term memory loss (particularly of the incident). Confusion, irritability. Mild, general headache. Intense headache. Pale, clammy skin. Flushed, dry skin. Shallow / normal breathing. Deep, noisy, slow breathing. (Pressure on the respiratory control area of the brain) Slow, strong pulse. (Caused by raised blood pressure) Rapid, weak pulse. (Blood diverts away from the extremities) Normal pupils, reacting to light. One or both pupils dilate as pressure increases on the brain. Condition becomes worse. Fits may occur. No recovery. Possible nausea or vomiting on recovery.

  45. Normal Unequal Dilated Pupils 34

  46. Sickle Cell 37

  47. Sickle Cell 37

  48. Meningitis 38 Red Flag early warning signs! • Cold hands and feet • Pain in the limbs or joints • Abnormal skin colour (pallor or mottling) Other signs, which can occur later: • Fever and vomiting • Rash that doesn’t fade with tumbler test • Drowsiness or lowered levels of consciousness • Severe headache • Stiff neck (rare) • Dislike of bright lights (rare)

  49. Meningitis 38

  50. insulin sugar Fixed amount injected: Eaten: Diabetes 39 To balance the insulin taken. Burns up sugar!

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