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Introduction to Tunnel Construction

Introduction to Tunnel Construction. Introduction to Tunnel Construction. Introduction Site investigation Preliminary analyses for the tunnel Ground improvement techniques and lining system Tunnel construction techniques Ground movement and monitoring.

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Introduction to Tunnel Construction

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  1. Introduction to Tunnel Construction

  2. Introduction to Tunnel Construction • Introduction • Site investigation • Preliminary analyses for the tunnel • Ground improvement techniques and lining system • Tunnel construction techniques • Ground movement and monitoring

  3. 1 Introduction1.1 Scope of this chapter Tunnellingis an extensive topic and so the objective of this chapter is to provide a general knowledge base and guidance for further reading. It not only concentrates on different tunnel construction techniques but also brings in associated relevant topics such as site investigation, which have a large impact on the final tunnel design and its subsequent construction. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to tunnel construction. This chapter is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students with little or no previous experience and knowledge of tunnel construction, as well as recently graduated engineers who find themselves working in this exciting field of civil engineering.

  4. 1.2 Philosophy of tunnelling Tunnels are unlike any other civil engineering structures. In buildings or bridges the building materials have defined and testable properties, whereas this is not the case in tunnelling. Table 1 illustrates some of the issues associated with tunnel design when compared to above ground construction projects. Although a tunnel structure often needs support systems made up of concrete and steel, it is the ground that is the major part of the structure, and this can have both a supporting and a loading role. The key to successful tunnel construction is therefore to understand this material, in particular, its strength and stability characteristics. No matter how much of the ground we test in preliminary site investigations, how many borehole cores we take for testing in the laboratory, we can only ever test a small fraction of the total ground to be affected by the tunnel construction. Therefore, it is up to the engineer to determine the relevant ground conditions and its associated properties. But as only a small fraction of the material can be tested and with limited knowledge of, for example, the effects of layering, fissures and discontinuities, much of this assessment is based on judgement and experience. One might even suggest that emotions are involved. So how can this then be used as the basis for tunnel design? It is up to

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