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Chapter 1 Chemistry: Matter

Chapter 1 Chemistry: Matter. Classification of Matter Physical & Chemical Changes/Properties Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Separation Techniques Solid, Liquids, Gases. Branches of Chemistry. organic chemistry —the study of carbon-containing compounds

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Chapter 1 Chemistry: Matter

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  1. Chapter 1 Chemistry: Matter • Classification of Matter • Physical & Chemical Changes/Properties • Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures • Separation Techniques • Solid, Liquids, Gases

  2. Branches of Chemistry • organic chemistry—the study of carbon-containing compounds • inorganic chemistry—the study of non-organic substances • physical chemistry—the study of properties of matter, changes that occur in matter, and the relationships between matter and energy • analytical chemistry—the identification of the composition of materials • biochemistry—the study of the chemistry of living things • theoretical chemistry—the use of mathematics and computers to design and predict the properties of new compounds

  3. Properties of Matter

  4. Review…. What is Chemistry? What is matter?

  5. Almost everything is matter even what you can’t see

  6. Physical Properties of Matter Are identifying characteristics of a substance. Meaning we can use them to identify a substance.

  7. Physical Properties of Matter Characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition -Density -Color -Odor -Taste -Hardness

  8. What are some physical properties of my pen??

  9. Physical Properties of Matter Can be broken into two types Extensive properties – are dependent on the amount of substance present. Intensive properties – are independent of the amount of substance

  10. Of the physical properties of my pen, which are extensive and which are intensive?

  11. Chemical Properties of Matter Ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

  12. Properties of MatterProperty – a characteristic Chemical properties: characteristics of a substance’s “ability” to change into a different substance. Brainstorm a list of chemical properties as a group. • Physical properties: • characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. • Brainstorm a list of physical properties as a group. Hint: Think of gasoline!

  13. Decide which are Chemical or Physical Properties Physical Properties? Chemical Properties?

  14. Observing Properties of Matter Depends on conditions of matter. So, you should always state the conditions. Water observations at 23°C versus 120°C or -12°C

  15. Which one floats? Why? • Density of Water: 1.00 g/mL • Density of Ice: 0.92 g/mL Ice! Because it is less dense.

  16. Predict the correct “floating order” of the substances as they would appear in the “Density Column”.

  17. Is the bar really gold or fool’s gold?Find the density of the bar if the mass is 1891.4 g and the dimensions are 3.5 cm by 3.5 cm by 8.0 cm. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3 V = L x W x H D = m/v 1891.4 g / 98 cm3 = 19.3 g/cm3 Yes it’s gold! m d v

  18. Is the “Silver Surfer” really made of silver? We obtained a sample with a mass of 262.5 g. Platinum 21.5 g/cm3Silver 10.5 g/cm3Tin 7.3 g/cm3 Find the volume by water displacement. d = m/v = 262.5 g / 25 cm3 = 10.5 g/cm3 It is Silver! m d v

  19. Viscosity is the resistance to flow. Which is more viscous? warm syrup or cold syrup? Cold syrup (high viscosity), because of the strength of attraction between the particles.

  20. Buoyancy is the tendency of a less dense substance to float in a more dense liquid. Boats are made so that they have a lower density than water.

  21. Changes of Matter Chemical Changes: A change that does produce a new substance. Usually not reversible. Ex: Iron rusts forming iron oxide. • Physical Changes: • A change that does notproduce a new substance. • Usually reversible. • Ex: Ice melts into water.

  22. How do you know a chemical change has occurred? Evidence of a Chemical Change: Energy (Heat): absorbed energy (endothermic) released energy (exothermic) Gas is produced (bubbles) Solid (precipitate) forms Odor or color change occurs Physical change begins in the mouth

  23. Why are these chemical changes?

  24. Identify the following as a physical property, a chemical property, a physical change, or a chemical change. Physical change Chemical change Physical property Physical property Chemical property Physical change Chemical property Chemical change

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