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Fundamentals of Chemistry: Matter and Transformations

Explore the study of matter, its properties, and transformations. Learn about the types of matter, kinetic molecular theory, and the four states of matter. Dive into the world of elements, compounds, and mixtures!

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Fundamentals of Chemistry: Matter and Transformations

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  1. Chemistry and Matter

  2. Chemistry • Chemistry is the study of matter and the transformations it undergoes.

  3. What is Matter? • Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • Mass is the amount of matter in an objectand its resistance to change in motion along a smooth and level surface. • Volume is the measure of the space occupied by the object.

  4. Types of Matter 1.Substances- are either: • a) elements simplest kind of matter • cannot be broken down any simpler and still have properties of that element! • all one kind of atom.

  5. Types of Matter • b) compounds are substances that can be broken down only by chemical methods • when broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the original compound. • made of two or more atoms, chemically combined (not just a physical blend!)

  6. Types of Matter 2. Mixture-physical blend of at least two substances; have variable composition. Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

  7. Element Compound Mixture Which is it?

  8. Kinetic Molecular Theory(KMT) • Particles of matter are always in motion. • The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

  9. Four States of Matter • Solids • very low Kinetic Energy • fixed shape • fixed volume • have weight. • take up space • are held tightly and packed fairly close together • they are strongly attracted to each other • vibrate

  10. Four States of Matter • Liquids • low Kinetic Energy • particles can move around but are still close together • take the shape of their container (variable) • fixed volume • some attraction between them • movement is limited by attractions between particles • Flows • take the shape of their container. • have weight and take up space.

  11. Four States of Matter • Gases • high Kinetic Energy • particles can separate and move throughout container • variable shape, spread out to fill the entire space given • variable volume • have weight and take up space. • have little attraction between particles

  12. B. Four States of Matter • Plasma • very high Kinetic Energy • particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) • gas-like, variableshape & volume • stars, fluorescentlight bulbs, CRTs Lightning is a plasma.

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